[CI] [GHA] Use Dockerfiles in Linux CC workflow (#24395)

### Tickets:
 - *140538*

.github/dockerfiles/docker_tag

@@ -1 +1 @@
-pr-24359
+pr-24395

.github/dockerfiles/ov_build/ubuntu_22_04_x64_cc/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+FROM openvinogithubactions.azurecr.io/dockerhub/ubuntu:22.04
+
+USER root
+
+# APT configuration
+RUN echo 'Acquire::Retries "10";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf && \
+    echo 'APT::Get::Assume-Yes "true";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf && \
+    echo 'APT::Get::Fix-Broken "true";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf && \
+    echo 'APT::Get::no-install-recommends "true";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" \
+    TZ="Europe/London"
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install software-properties-common && \
+    add-apt-repository --yes --no-update ppa:git-core/ppa && \
+    add-apt-repository --yes --no-update ppa:deadsnakes/ppa && \
+    apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install \
+        curl \
+        git \
+        ca-certificates \
+        gpg-agent \
+        tzdata \
+        libtbb2 \
+        # Pythons
+        python3.8-dev \
+        python3.8-venv \
+        python3.8-distutils \
+        python3.11-dev \
+        python3.11-venv \
+        python3.11-distutils \
+        # For Java API
+        default-jdk \
+        # Compiler \
+        clang \
+        && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Install build dependencies
+ADD install_build_dependencies.sh /install_build_dependencies.sh
+RUN chmod +x /install_build_dependencies.sh && \
+    /install_build_dependencies.sh && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Set clang as a default compiler
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang 100 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++ 100
+
+# Install sscache
+ARG SCCACHE_VERSION="v0.7.5"
+ENV SCCACHE_HOME="/opt/sccache" \
+    SCCACHE_PATH="/opt/sccache/sccache"
+
+RUN mkdir ${SCCACHE_HOME} && cd ${SCCACHE_HOME} && \
+    SCCACHE_ARCHIVE="sccache-${SCCACHE_VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz" && \
+    curl -SLO https://github.com/mozilla/sccache/releases/download/${SCCACHE_VERSION}/${SCCACHE_ARCHIVE} && \
+    tar -xzf ${SCCACHE_ARCHIVE} --strip-components=1 && rm ${SCCACHE_ARCHIVE}
+
+# Setup pip
+ENV PIP_VERSION="24.0"
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py && \
+    python3.8 get-pip.py  --no-cache-dir pip==${PIP_VERSION} && \
+    python3.11 get-pip.py --no-cache-dir pip==${PIP_VERSION} && \
+    rm -f get-pip.py
+
+# Use Python 3.11 as default instead of Python 3.8
+# Using venv here 'cause other methods to switch the default Python on Ubuntu 20 break both system and wheels build
+RUN python3.11 -m venv venv
+ENV PATH="/venv/bin:$SCCACHE_HOME:$PATH"
+
+ENV PIP_CACHE_DIR=/mount/caches/pip/linux/${PIP_VERSION}

.github/workflows/linux_conditional_compilation.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       affected_components: "${{ steps.smart_ci.outputs.affected_components }}"
+      changed_components: "${{ steps.smart_ci.outputs.changed_components }}"
       skip_workflow: "${{ steps.smart_ci.outputs.skip_workflow }}"
     steps:
       - name: checkout action
@@ -42,15 +43,42 @@ jobs:
           skip_when_only_listed_labels_set: 'docs'
           skip_when_only_listed_files_changed: '*.md,*.rst,*.png,*.jpg,*.svg,*/layer_tests_summary/*,*/conformance/*'
 
-  Build:
+      - name: Show affected components
+        run: |
+          echo "${{ toJSON(steps.smart_ci.outputs.affected_components) }}"
+        shell: bash
+
+  Docker:
     needs: Smart_CI
+    runs-on: aks-linux-4-cores-16gb-docker-build
+    container:
+      image: openvinogithubactions.azurecr.io/docker_build:0.2
+      volumes:
+        - /mount:/mount
+    outputs:
+      images: "${{ steps.handle_docker.outputs.images }}"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/handle_docker
+        id: handle_docker
+        with:
+          images: |
+            ov_build/ubuntu_22_04_x64_cc
+          registry: 'openvinogithubactions.azurecr.io'
+          dockerfiles_root_dir: '.github/dockerfiles'
+          changed_components: ${{ needs.smart_ci.outputs.changed_components }}
+
+  Build:
+    needs: [Docker, Smart_CI]
     timeout-minutes: 150
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
     runs-on: aks-linux-16-cores-32gb
     container:
-      image: openvinogithubactions.azurecr.io/dockerhub/ubuntu:22.04
+      image: ${{ fromJSON(needs.docker.outputs.images).ov_build.ubuntu_22_04_x64_cc }}
       volumes:
         - /mount:/mount
       options: -e SCCACHE_AZURE_BLOB_CONTAINER -e SCCACHE_AZURE_CONNECTION_STRING
@@ -75,14 +103,6 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ !needs.smart_ci.outputs.skip_workflow && github.event_name != 'merge_group' }}
 
     steps:
-      - name: Set apt retries
-        run: echo 'Acquire::Retries "10";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries
-
-      - name: Install git
-        run: |
-          apt-get update
-          apt-get install --assume-yes --no-install-recommends git ca-certificates git-lfs
-
       - name: Clone OpenVINO
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -104,32 +124,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: System info
         uses: ./openvino/.github/actions/system_info
 
-      #
-      # Dependencies
-      #
-
-      - name: Install build dependencies
-        run: |
-          bash ${OPENVINO_REPO}/install_build_dependencies.sh
-
-          # use clang as a default compiler
-          apt --assume-yes install clang
-          update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang 100
-          update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++ 100
-
-      - name: Install sccache
-        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
-        with:
-          version: "v0.7.5"
-
-      - name: Setup Python ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-        uses: ./openvino/.github/actions/setup_python
-        with:
-          version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-          pip-cache-path: ${{ env.PIP_CACHE_PATH }}
-          should-setup-pip-paths: 'true'
-          self-hosted-runner: 'true'
-
       - name: Install python dependencies
         run: |
           # For running ONNX frontend unit tests
@@ -256,14 +250,14 @@ jobs:
 
   CC_Build:
     name: Conditional Compilation
-    needs: Build
+    needs: [Build, Docker]
     timeout-minutes: 20
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
     runs-on: aks-linux-16-cores-32gb
     container:
-      image: openvinogithubactions.azurecr.io/dockerhub/ubuntu:22.04
+      image: ${{ fromJSON(needs.docker.outputs.images).ov_build.ubuntu_22_04_x64_cc }}
       volumes:
         - /mount:/mount
       options: -e SCCACHE_AZURE_BLOB_CONTAINER -e SCCACHE_AZURE_CONNECTION_STRING
@@ -281,12 +275,6 @@ jobs:
       SCCACHE_AZURE_KEY_PREFIX: ubuntu22_x86_64_cc_Release
 
     steps:
-      - name: Set apt retries
-        run: echo 'Acquire::Retries "10";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries
-
-      - name: Install git
-        run: apt-get update && apt-get install --assume-yes --no-install-recommends git ca-certificates git-lfs
-
       - name: Clone OpenVINO
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -311,17 +299,6 @@ jobs:
         run: tar -xvzf ${SELECTIVE_BUILD_STAT_DIR}/openvino_selective_build_stat.tar.gz -C ${SELECTIVE_BUILD_STAT_DIR}
 
       #
-      # Dependencies
-      #
-
-      - name: Install build dependencies
-        run: bash ${OPENVINO_REPO}/install_build_dependencies.sh
-
-      - name: Install sccache
-        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.4
-        with:
-          version: "v0.7.5"
-      #
       # Build
       #