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<title>GRPC C++: xDS (Load-Balancing) Interop Test Case Descriptions</title>
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<div id="projectname">GRPC C++
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 <span id="projectnumber">1.31.1</span>
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<div class="title">xDS (Load-Balancing) Interop Test Case Descriptions </div> </div>
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</div><!--header-->
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<div class="contents">
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<div class="textblock"><p>Client and server use <a href="../src/proto/grpc/testing/test.proto">test.proto</a>.</p>
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<h1><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md240"></a>
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Server</h1>
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<p>The code for the xDS test server can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/blob/master/interop-testing/src/main/java/io/grpc/testing/integration/XdsTestServer.java">Java</a> (other language implementations are in progress).</p>
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<p>Server should accept these arguments:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>–port=PORT<ul>
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<li>The port the server will run on.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md241"></a>
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Client</h1>
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<p>The base behavior of the xDS test client is to send a constant QPS of unary messages and record the remote-peer distribution of the responses. Further, the client must expose an implementation of the <code>LoadBalancerStatsService</code> gRPC service to allow the test driver to validate the load balancing behavior for a particular test case (see below for more details).</p>
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<p>The code for the xDS test client can be at: <a href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/blob/master/interop-testing/src/main/java/io/grpc/testing/integration/XdsTestClient.java">Java</a> (other language implementations are in progress).</p>
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<p>Clients should accept these arguments:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>–fail_on_failed_rpcs=BOOL<ul>
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<li>If true, the client should exit with a non-zero return code if any RPCs fail after at least one RPC has succeeded, indicating a valid xDS config was received. This accounts for any startup-related delays in receiving an initial config from the load balancer. Default is false.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>–num_channels=CHANNELS<ul>
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<li>The number of channels to create to the server.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>–qps=QPS<ul>
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<li>The QPS per channel.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>–server=HOSTNAME:PORT<ul>
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<li>The server host to connect to. For example, "localhost:8080"</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>–stats_port=PORT<ul>
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<li>The port for to expose the client's <code>LoadBalancerStatsService</code> implementation.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md242"></a>
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Test Driver</h1>
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<p>Note that, unlike our other interop tests, neither the client nor the server has any notion of which of the following test scenarios is under test. Instead, a separate test driver is responsible for configuring the load balancer and the server backends, running the client, and then querying the client's <code>LoadBalancerStatsService</code> to validate load balancer behavior for each of the tests described below.</p>
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<h1><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md243"></a>
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LoadBalancerStatsService</h1>
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<p>The service is defined as:</p>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line">message LoadBalancerStatsRequest {</div>
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<div class="line"> // Request stats for the next num_rpcs sent by client.</div>
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<div class="line"> int32 num_rpcs = 1;</div>
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<div class="line"> // If num_rpcs have not completed within timeout_sec, return partial results.</div>
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<div class="line"> int32 timeout_sec = 2;</div>
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<div class="line">}</div>
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<div class="line"> </div>
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<div class="line">message LoadBalancerStatsResponse {</div>
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<div class="line"> // The number of completed RPCs for each peer.</div>
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<div class="line"> map<string, int32> rpcs_by_peer = 1;</div>
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<div class="line"> // The number of RPCs that failed to record a remote peer.</div>
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<div class="line"> int32 num_failures = 2;</div>
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<div class="line">}</div>
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<div class="line"> </div>
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<div class="line">service LoadBalancerStatsService {</div>
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<div class="line"> // Gets the backend distribution for RPCs sent by a test client.</div>
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<div class="line"> rpc GetClientStats(LoadBalancerStatsRequest)</div>
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<div class="line"> returns (LoadBalancerStatsResponse) {}</div>
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<div class="line">}</div>
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</div><!-- fragment --><p>Note that the <code>LoadBalancerStatsResponse</code> contains the remote peer distribution of the next <code>num_rpcs</code> <em>sent</em> by the client after receiving the <code>LoadBalancerStatsRequest</code>. It is important that the remote peer distribution be recorded for a block of consecutive outgoing RPCs, to validate the intended distribution from the load balancer, rather than just looking at the next <code>num_rpcs</code> responses received from backends, as different backends may respond at different rates.</p>
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<h1><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md244"></a>
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Test Cases</h1>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md245"></a>
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ping_pong</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that every backend receives traffic.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–fail_on_failed_rpc=true</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>4 backends are created in a single managed instance group (MIG).</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends receive at least one RPC</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md246"></a>
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round_robin</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that RPCs are evenly routed according to an unweighted round robin policy.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–fail_on_failed_rpc=true</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>4 backends are created in a single MIG.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts that:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Once all backends receive at least one RPC, the following 100 RPCs are evenly distributed across the 4 backends.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md247"></a>
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backends_restart</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that the load balancer will resume sending traffic to a set of backends that is stopped and then resumed.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>4 backends are created in a single MIG.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends receive at least one RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver records the peer distribution for a subsequent block of 100 RPCs then stops the backends.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>No RPCs from the client are successful.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver resumes the backends.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Once all backends receive at least one RPC, the distribution for a block of 100 RPCs is the same as the distribution recorded prior to restart.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md248"></a>
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secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that backends in a secondary locality receive traffic when all backends in the primary locality fail.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>The primary MIG with 2 backends in the same zone as the client</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>The secondary MIG with 2 backends in a different zone</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in the primary locality receive at least 1 RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>No backends in the secondary locality receive RPCs.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver stops the backends in the primary locality.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in the secondary locality receive at least 1 RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver resumes the backends in the primary locality.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in the primary locality receive at least 1 RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>No backends in the secondary locality receive RPCs.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md249"></a>
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secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that backends in a failover locality do not receive traffic when at least one of the backends in the primary locality remain healthy.</p>
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<p><b>Note:</b> Future TD features may change the expected behavior and require changes to this test case.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>The primary MIG with 2 backends in the same zone as the client</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>The secondary MIG with 2 backends in a different zone</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in the primary locality receive at least 1 RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>No backends in the secondary locality receive RPCs.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver stops one of the backends in the primary locality.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in the primary locality receive at least 1 RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>No backends in the secondary locality receive RPCs.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md250"></a>
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new_instance_group_receives_traffic</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that new instance groups added to a backend service in the same zone receive traffic.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–fail_on_failed_rpc=true</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>One MIG with two backends, using rate balancing mode.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends receive at least one RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver adds a new MIG with two backends in the same zone.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends in each MIG receive at least one RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md251"></a>
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remove_instance_group</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that a remaining instance group can successfully serve RPCs after removal of another instance group in the same zone.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Two MIGs with two backends each, using rate balancing mode.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends receive at least one RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver removes one MIG.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All RPCs are directed to the two remaining backends (no RPC failures).</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md252"></a>
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change_backend_service</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that the backend service can be replaced and traffic routed to the new backends.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–fail_on_failed_rpc=true</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>One MIG with two backends</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All backends receive at least one RPC.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver creates a new backend service containing a MIG with two backends and changes the TD URL map to point to this new backend service.</p>
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<p>Test driver asserts:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>All RPCs are directed to the new backend service.</li>
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</ol>
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<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md253"></a>
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traffic_splitting</h2>
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<p>This test verifies that the traffic will be distributed between backend services with the correct weights when route action is set to weighted backend services.</p>
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<p>Client parameters:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–num_channels=1</li>
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</ol>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>–qps=100</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Load balancer configuration:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>One MIG with one backend</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Assert:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Once all backends receive at least one RPC, the following 1000 RPCs are all sent to MIG_a.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The test driver adds a new MIG with 1 backend, and changes the route action to weighted backend services with {a: 20, b: 80}.</p>
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<p>Assert:</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Once all backends receive at least one RPC, the following 1000 RPCs are distributed across the 2 backends as a: 20, b: 80. </li>
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</ol>
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