mirror of https://github.com/apache/cassandra
Updated the introductory section of the Installation page
Patch by Erick Ramirez; Reviewed by Jon Haddad for CASSANDRA-15466
This commit is contained in:
Erick Ramirez
Jon Haddad jon@jonhaddad.com
parent
141ea26733
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ca2dc1bfa9
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@ -19,88 +19,306 @@
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Installing Cassandra
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--------------------
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These are the instructions for deploying the supported releases of Apache Cassandra on Linux servers.
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Cassandra runs on a wide array of Linux distributions including (but not limited to):
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- Ubuntu, most notably LTS releases 16.04 to 18.04
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- CentOS & RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) including 6.6 to 7.7
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- Amazon Linux AMIs including 2016.09 through to Linux 2
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- Debian versions 8 & 9
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- SUSE Enterprise Linux 12
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This is not an exhaustive list of operating system platforms, nor is it prescriptive. However users will be
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well-advised to conduct exhaustive tests of their own particularly for less-popular distributions of Linux.
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Deploying on older versions is not recommended unless you have previous experience with the older distribution
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in a production environment.
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Prerequisites
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- The latest version of Java 8, either the `Oracle Java Standard Edition 8
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- Install the latest version of Java 8, either the `Oracle Java Standard Edition 8
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<http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html>`__ or `OpenJDK 8 <http://openjdk.java.net/>`__. To
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verify that you have the correct version of java installed, type ``java -version``.
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- For using cqlsh, the latest version of `Python 2.7 <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`__. To verify that you have
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- **NOTE**: *Experimental* support for Java 11 was added in Cassandra 4.0 (`CASSANDRA-9608 <https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-9608>`__).
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Running Cassandra on Java 11 is *experimental*. Do so at your own risk. For more information, see
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`NEWS.txt <https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/trunk/NEWS.txt>`__.
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- For using cqlsh, the latest version of `Python 2.7 <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`__ or Python 3.6+. To verify that you have
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the correct version of Python installed, type ``python --version``.
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Installation from binary tarball files
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Choosing an installation method
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- Download the latest stable release from the `Apache Cassandra downloads website <http://cassandra.apache.org/download/>`__.
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For most users, installing the binary tarball is the simplest choice. The tarball unpacks all its contents
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into a single location with binaries and configuration files located in their own subdirectories. The most
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obvious attribute of the tarball installation is it does not require ``root`` permissions and can be
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installed on any Linux distribution.
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- Untar the file somewhere, for example:
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Packaged installations require ``root`` permissions. Install the RPM build on CentOS and RHEL-based
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distributions if you want to install Cassandra using YUM. Install the Debian build on Ubuntu and other
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Debian-based distributions if you want to install Cassandra using APT. Note that both the YUM and APT
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methods required ``root`` permissions and will install the binaries and configuration files as the
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``cassandra`` OS user.
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Installing the binary tarball
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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1. Verify the version of Java installed. For example:
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::
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tar -xzvf apache-cassandra-3.6-bin.tar.gz
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$ java -version
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openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
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OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-8u222-b10-1ubuntu1~16.04.1-b10)
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OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
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The files will be extracted into ``apache-cassandra-3.6``, you need to substitute 3.6 with the release number that you
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have downloaded.
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- Optionally add ``apache-cassandra-3.6\bin`` to your path.
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- Start Cassandra in the foreground by invoking ``bin/cassandra -f`` from the command line. Press "Control-C" to stop
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Cassandra. Start Cassandra in the background by invoking ``bin/cassandra`` from the command line. Invoke ``kill pid``
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or ``pkill -f CassandraDaemon`` to stop Cassandra, where pid is the Cassandra process id, which you can find for
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example by invoking ``pgrep -f CassandraDaemon``.
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- Verify that Cassandra is running by invoking ``bin/nodetool status`` from the command line.
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- Configuration files are located in the ``conf`` sub-directory.
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- Since Cassandra 2.1, log and data directories are located in the ``logs`` and ``data`` sub-directories respectively.
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Older versions defaulted to ``/var/log/cassandra`` and ``/var/lib/cassandra``. Due to this, it is necessary to either
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start Cassandra with root privileges or change ``conf/cassandra.yaml`` to use directories owned by the current user,
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as explained below in the section on changing the location of directories.
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Installation from Debian packages
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- Add the Apache repository of Cassandra to ``/etc/apt/sources.list.d/cassandra.sources.list``, for example for version
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3.6:
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2. Download the binary tarball from one of the mirrors on the `Apache Cassandra Download <http://cassandra.apache.org/download/>`__
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site. For example, to download 4.0:
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::
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echo "deb https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/debian 36x main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cassandra.sources.list
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$ curl -OL http://apache.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cassandra/4.0.0/apache-cassandra-4.0.0-bin.tar.gz
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- Add the Apache Cassandra repository keys:
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NOTE: The mirrors only host the latest versions of each major supported release. To download an earlier
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version of Cassandra, visit the `Apache Archives <http://archive.apache.org/dist/cassandra/>`__.
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3. OPTIONAL: Verify the integrity of the downloaded tarball using one of the methods `here <https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi#verify>`__.
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For example, to verify the hash of the downloaded file using GPG:
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::
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curl https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/KEYS | sudo apt-key add -
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$ gpg --print-md SHA256 apache-cassandra-4.0.0-bin.tar.gz
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apache-cassandra-4.0.0-bin.tar.gz: 28757DDE 589F7041 0F9A6A95 C39EE7E6
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CDE63440 E2B06B91 AE6B2006 14FA364D
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- Update the repositories:
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Compare the signature with the SHA256 file from the Downloads site:
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::
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sudo apt-get update
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$ curl -L https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/4.0.0/apache-cassandra-4.0.0-bin.tar.gz.sha256
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28757dde589f70410f9a6a95c39ee7e6cde63440e2b06b91ae6b200614fa364d
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- If you encounter this error:
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4. Unpack the tarball:
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::
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GPG error: http://www.apache.org 36x InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY A278B781FE4B2BDA
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$ tar xzvf apache-cassandra-4.0.0-bin.tar.gz
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Then add the public key A278B781FE4B2BDA as follows:
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The files will be extracted to the ``apache-cassandra-4.0.0/`` directory. This is the tarball installation
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location.
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5. Located in the tarball installation location are the directories for the scripts, binaries, utilities, configuration, data and log files:
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::
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sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-key A278B781FE4B2BDA
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<tarball_installation>/
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bin/
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conf/
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data/
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doc/
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interface/
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javadoc/
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lib/
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logs/
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pylib/
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tools/
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For information on how to configure your installation, see
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`Configuring Cassandra <http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/getting_started/configuring.html>`__.
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and repeat ``sudo apt-get update``. The actual key may be different, you get it from the error message itself. For a
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full list of Apache contributors public keys, you can refer to `this link <https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/KEYS>`__.
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- Install Cassandra:
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6. Start Cassandra:
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::
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sudo apt-get install cassandra
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$ cd apache-cassandra-4.0.0/
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$ bin/cassandra
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NOTE: This will run Cassandra as the authenticated Linux user.
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You can monitor the progress of the startup with:
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::
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$ tail -f logs/system.log
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Cassandra is ready when you see an entry like this in the ``system.log``:
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::
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INFO [main] 2019-12-17 03:03:37,526 Server.java:156 - Starting listening for CQL clients on localhost/127.0.0.1:9042 (unencrypted)...
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7. Check the status of Cassandra:
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::
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$ bin/nodetool status
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The status column in the output should report UN which stands for "Up/Normal".
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Alternatively, connect to the database with:
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::
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$ bin/cqlsh
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Installing the Debian packages
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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1. Verify the version of Java installed. For example:
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::
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$ java -version
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openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
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OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-8u222-b10-1ubuntu1~16.04.1-b10)
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OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
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2. Add the Apache repository of Cassandra to the file ``cassandra.sources.list``. The latest major version
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is 4.0 and the corresponding distribution name is ``40x`` (with an "x" as the suffix).
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For older releases use ``311x`` for C* 3.11 series, ``30x`` for 3.0, ``22x`` for 2.2 and ``21x`` for 2.1.
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For example, to add the repository for version 4.0 (``40x``):
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::
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$ echo "deb http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 40x main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cassandra.sources.list
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deb http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 40x main
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3. Add the Apache Cassandra repository keys to the list of trusted keys on the server:
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::
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$ curl https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS | sudo apt-key add -
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 266k 100 266k 0 0 320k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 320k
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OK
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4. Update the package index from sources:
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::
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$ sudo apt-get update
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5. Install Cassandra with APT:
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::
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$ sudo apt-get install cassandra
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NOTE: A new Linux user ``cassandra`` will get created as part of the installation. The Cassandra service
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will also be run as this user.
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6. The Cassandra service gets started automatically after installation. Monitor the progress of
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the startup with:
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::
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$ tail -f /var/log/cassandra/system.log
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Cassandra is ready when you see an entry like this in the ``system.log``:
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::
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INFO [main] 2019-12-17 03:03:37,526 Server.java:156 - Starting listening for CQL clients on localhost/127.0.0.1:9042 (unencrypted)...
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NOTE: For information on how to configure your installation, see
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`Configuring Cassandra <http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/getting_started/configuring.html>`__.
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7. Check the status of Cassandra:
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::
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$ nodetool status
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The status column in the output should report ``UN`` which stands for "Up/Normal".
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Alternatively, connect to the database with:
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::
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$ cqlsh
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Installing the RPM packages
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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1. Verify the version of Java installed. For example:
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::
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$ java -version
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openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
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OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_232-b09)
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OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.232-b09, mixed mode)
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2. Add the Apache repository of Cassandra to the file ``/etc/yum.repos.d/cassandra.repo`` (as the ``root``
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user). The latest major version is 4.0 and the corresponding distribution name is ``40x`` (with an "x" as the suffix).
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For older releases use ``311x`` for C* 3.11 series, ``30x`` for 3.0, ``22x`` for 2.2 and ``21x`` for 2.1.
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For example, to add the repository for version 4.0 (``40x``):
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::
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[cassandra]
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name=Apache Cassandra
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baseurl=https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/redhat/40x/
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gpgcheck=1
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repo_gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/KEYS
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3. Update the package index from sources:
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::
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$ sudo yum update
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4. Install Cassandra with YUM:
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::
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$ sudo yum install cassandra
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NOTE: A new Linux user ``cassandra`` will get created as part of the installation. The Cassandra service
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will also be run as this user.
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5. Start the Cassandra service:
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::
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$ sudo service cassandra start
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6. Monitor the progress of the startup with:
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::
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$ tail -f /var/log/cassandra/system.log
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Cassandra is ready when you see an entry like this in the ``system.log``:
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::
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INFO [main] 2019-12-17 03:03:37,526 Server.java:156 - Starting listening for CQL clients on localhost/127.0.0.1:9042 (unencrypted)...
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NOTE: For information on how to configure your installation, see
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`Configuring Cassandra <http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/getting_started/configuring.html>`__.
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7. Check the status of Cassandra:
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::
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$ nodetool status
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The status column in the output should report ``UN`` which stands for "Up/Normal".
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Alternatively, connect to the database with:
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::
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$ cqlsh
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Further installation info
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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For help with installation issues, see the `Troubleshooting <http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/troubleshooting/index.html>`__ section.
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- You can start Cassandra with ``sudo service cassandra start`` and stop it with ``sudo service cassandra stop``.
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However, normally the service will start automatically. For this reason be sure to stop it if you need to make any
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configuration changes.
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- Verify that Cassandra is running by invoking ``nodetool status`` from the command line.
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- The default location of configuration files is ``/etc/cassandra``.
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- The default location of log and data directories is ``/var/log/cassandra/`` and ``/var/lib/cassandra``.
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