llvm-project/mlir/lib/Dialect/SCF/Utils/AffineCanonicalizationUtils...

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//===- AffineCanonicalizationUtils.cpp - Affine Canonicalization in SCF ---===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Utility functions to canonicalize affine ops within SCF op regions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/Utils/AffineCanonicalizationUtils.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Affine/Analysis/AffineStructures.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Affine/IR/AffineOps.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Utils/StaticValueUtils.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AffineMap.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
#include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#define DEBUG_TYPE "mlir-scf-affine-utils"
using namespace mlir;
using namespace presburger;
static void unpackOptionalValues(ArrayRef<Optional<Value>> source,
SmallVector<Value> &target) {
target = llvm::to_vector<4>(llvm::map_range(source, [](Optional<Value> val) {
return val.has_value() ? *val : Value();
}));
}
/// Bound an identifier `pos` in a given FlatAffineValueConstraints with
/// constraints drawn from an affine map. Before adding the constraint, the
/// dimensions/symbols of the affine map are aligned with `constraints`.
/// `operands` are the SSA Value operands used with the affine map.
/// Note: This function adds a new symbol column to the `constraints` for each
/// dimension/symbol that exists in the affine map but not in `constraints`.
static LogicalResult alignAndAddBound(FlatAffineValueConstraints &constraints,
IntegerPolyhedron::BoundType type,
unsigned pos, AffineMap map,
ValueRange operands) {
SmallVector<Value> dims, syms, newSyms;
unpackOptionalValues(constraints.getMaybeValues(VarKind::SetDim), dims);
unpackOptionalValues(constraints.getMaybeValues(VarKind::Symbol), syms);
AffineMap alignedMap =
alignAffineMapWithValues(map, operands, dims, syms, &newSyms);
for (unsigned i = syms.size(); i < newSyms.size(); ++i)
constraints.appendSymbolVar(newSyms[i]);
return constraints.addBound(type, pos, alignedMap);
}
/// Add `val` to each result of `map`.
static AffineMap addConstToResults(AffineMap map, int64_t val) {
SmallVector<AffineExpr> newResults;
for (AffineExpr r : map.getResults())
newResults.push_back(r + val);
return AffineMap::get(map.getNumDims(), map.getNumSymbols(), newResults,
map.getContext());
}
/// This function tries to canonicalize min/max operations by proving that their
/// value is bounded by the same lower and upper bound. In that case, the
/// operation can be folded away.
///
/// Bounds are computed by FlatAffineValueConstraints. Invariants required for
/// finding/proving bounds should be supplied via `constraints`.
///
/// 1. Add dimensions for `op` and `opBound` (lower or upper bound of `op`).
/// 2. Compute an upper bound of `op` (in case of `isMin`) or a lower bound (in
/// case of `!isMin`) and bind it to `opBound`. SSA values that are used in
/// `op` but are not part of `constraints`, are added as extra symbols.
/// 3. For each result of `op`: Add result as a dimension `r_i`. Prove that:
/// * If `isMin`: r_i >= opBound
/// * If `isMax`: r_i <= opBound
/// If this is the case, ub(op) == lb(op).
/// 4. Replace `op` with `opBound`.
///
/// In summary, the following constraints are added throughout this function.
/// Note: `invar` are dimensions added by the caller to express the invariants.
/// (Showing only the case where `isMin`.)
///
/// invar | op | opBound | r_i | extra syms... | const | eq/ineq
/// ------+-------+---------+-----+---------------+-------+-------------------
/// (various eq./ineq. constraining `invar`, added by the caller)
/// ... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ... | ...
/// ------+-------+---------+-----+---------------+-------+-------------------
/// (various ineq. constraining `op` in terms of `op` operands (`invar` and
/// extra `op` operands "extra syms" that are not in `invar`)).
/// ... | -1 | 0 | 0 | ... | ... | >= 0
/// ------+-------+---------+-----+---------------+-------+-------------------
/// (set `opBound` to `op` upper bound in terms of `invar` and "extra syms")
/// ... | 0 | -1 | 0 | ... | ... | = 0
/// ------+-------+---------+-----+---------------+-------+-------------------
/// (for each `op` map result r_i: set r_i to corresponding map result,
/// prove that r_i >= minOpUb via contradiction)
/// ... | 0 | 0 | -1 | ... | ... | = 0
/// 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | -1 | >= 0
///
static LogicalResult
canonicalizeMinMaxOp(RewriterBase &rewriter, Operation *op, AffineMap map,
ValueRange operands, bool isMin,
FlatAffineValueConstraints constraints) {
RewriterBase::InsertionGuard guard(rewriter);
unsigned numResults = map.getNumResults();
// Add a few extra dimensions.
unsigned dimOp = constraints.appendDimVar(); // `op`
unsigned dimOpBound = constraints.appendDimVar(); // `op` lower/upper bound
unsigned resultDimStart = constraints.appendDimVar(/*num=*/numResults);
// Add an inequality for each result expr_i of map:
// isMin: op <= expr_i, !isMin: op >= expr_i
auto boundType = isMin ? IntegerPolyhedron::UB : IntegerPolyhedron::LB;
// Upper bounds are exclusive, so add 1. (`affine.min` ops are inclusive.)
AffineMap mapLbUb = isMin ? addConstToResults(map, 1) : map;
if (failed(
alignAndAddBound(constraints, boundType, dimOp, mapLbUb, operands)))
return failure();
// Try to compute a lower/upper bound for op, expressed in terms of the other
// `dims` and extra symbols.
SmallVector<AffineMap> opLb(1), opUb(1);
constraints.getSliceBounds(dimOp, 1, rewriter.getContext(), &opLb, &opUb);
AffineMap sliceBound = isMin ? opUb[0] : opLb[0];
// TODO: `getSliceBounds` may return multiple bounds at the moment. This is
// a TODO of `getSliceBounds` and not handled here.
if (!sliceBound || sliceBound.getNumResults() != 1)
return failure(); // No or multiple bounds found.
// Recover the inclusive UB in the case of an `affine.min`.
AffineMap boundMap = isMin ? addConstToResults(sliceBound, -1) : sliceBound;
// Add an equality: Set dimOpBound to computed bound.
// Add back dimension for op. (Was removed by `getSliceBounds`.)
AffineMap alignedBoundMap = boundMap.shiftDims(/*shift=*/1, /*offset=*/dimOp);
if (failed(constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, dimOpBound,
alignedBoundMap)))
return failure();
// If the constraint system is empty, there is an inconsistency. (E.g., this
// can happen if loop lb > ub.)
if (constraints.isEmpty())
return failure();
// In the case of `isMin` (`!isMin` is inversed):
// Prove that each result of `map` has a lower bound that is equal to (or
// greater than) the upper bound of `op` (`dimOpBound`). In that case, `op`
// can be replaced with the bound. I.e., prove that for each result
// expr_i (represented by dimension r_i):
//
// r_i >= opBound
//
// To prove this inequality, add its negation to the constraint set and prove
// that the constraint set is empty.
for (unsigned i = resultDimStart; i < resultDimStart + numResults; ++i) {
FlatAffineValueConstraints newConstr(constraints);
// Add an equality: r_i = expr_i
// Note: These equalities could have been added earlier and used to express
// minOp <= expr_i. However, then we run the risk that `getSliceBounds`
// computes minOpUb in terms of r_i dims, which is not desired.
if (failed(alignAndAddBound(newConstr, IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, i,
map.getSubMap({i - resultDimStart}), operands)))
return failure();
// If `isMin`: Add inequality: r_i < opBound
// equiv.: opBound - r_i - 1 >= 0
// If `!isMin`: Add inequality: r_i > opBound
// equiv.: -opBound + r_i - 1 >= 0
SmallVector<int64_t> ineq(newConstr.getNumCols(), 0);
ineq[dimOpBound] = isMin ? 1 : -1;
ineq[i] = isMin ? -1 : 1;
ineq[newConstr.getNumCols() - 1] = -1;
newConstr.addInequality(ineq);
if (!newConstr.isEmpty())
return failure();
}
// Lower and upper bound of `op` are equal. Replace `minOp` with its bound.
AffineMap newMap = alignedBoundMap;
SmallVector<Value> newOperands;
unpackOptionalValues(constraints.getMaybeValues(), newOperands);
// If dims/symbols have known constant values, use those in order to simplify
// the affine map further.
for (int64_t i = 0, e = constraints.getNumVars(); i < e; ++i) {
// Skip unused operands and operands that are already constants.
if (!newOperands[i] || getConstantIntValue(newOperands[i]))
continue;
if (auto bound = constraints.getConstantBound64(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, i))
newOperands[i] =
rewriter.create<arith::ConstantIndexOp>(op->getLoc(), *bound);
}
mlir::canonicalizeMapAndOperands(&newMap, &newOperands);
rewriter.setInsertionPoint(op);
rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<AffineApplyOp>(op, newMap, newOperands);
return success();
}
static LogicalResult
addLoopRangeConstraints(FlatAffineValueConstraints &constraints, Value iv,
OpFoldResult lb, OpFoldResult ub, OpFoldResult step,
RewriterBase &rewriter) {
// IntegerPolyhedron does not support semi-affine expressions.
// Therefore, only constant step values are supported.
auto stepInt = getConstantIntValue(step);
if (!stepInt)
return failure();
unsigned dimIv = constraints.appendDimVar(iv);
auto lbv = lb.dyn_cast<Value>();
unsigned symLb = lbv ? constraints.appendSymbolVar(lbv)
: constraints.appendSymbolVar(/*num=*/1);
auto ubv = ub.dyn_cast<Value>();
unsigned symUb = ubv ? constraints.appendSymbolVar(ubv)
: constraints.appendSymbolVar(/*num=*/1);
// If loop lower/upper bounds are constant: Add EQ constraint.
Optional<int64_t> lbInt = getConstantIntValue(lb);
Optional<int64_t> ubInt = getConstantIntValue(ub);
if (lbInt)
constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, symLb, *lbInt);
if (ubInt)
constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, symUb, *ubInt);
// Lower bound: iv >= lb (equiv.: iv - lb >= 0)
SmallVector<int64_t> ineqLb(constraints.getNumCols(), 0);
ineqLb[dimIv] = 1;
ineqLb[symLb] = -1;
constraints.addInequality(ineqLb);
// Upper bound
AffineExpr ivUb;
if (lbInt && ubInt && (*lbInt + *stepInt >= *ubInt)) {
// The loop has at most one iteration.
// iv < lb + 1
// TODO: Try to derive this constraint by simplifying the expression in
// the else-branch.
ivUb =
rewriter.getAffineSymbolExpr(symLb - constraints.getNumDimVars()) + 1;
} else {
// The loop may have more than one iteration.
// iv < lb + step * ((ub - lb - 1) floorDiv step) + 1
AffineExpr exprLb =
lbInt
? rewriter.getAffineConstantExpr(*lbInt)
: rewriter.getAffineSymbolExpr(symLb - constraints.getNumDimVars());
AffineExpr exprUb =
ubInt
? rewriter.getAffineConstantExpr(*ubInt)
: rewriter.getAffineSymbolExpr(symUb - constraints.getNumDimVars());
ivUb = exprLb + 1 + (*stepInt * ((exprUb - exprLb - 1).floorDiv(*stepInt)));
}
auto map = AffineMap::get(
/*dimCount=*/constraints.getNumDimVars(),
/*symbolCount=*/constraints.getNumSymbolVars(), /*result=*/ivUb);
return constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::UB, dimIv, map);
}
/// Canonicalize min/max operations in the context of for loops with a known
/// range. Call `canonicalizeMinMaxOp` and add the following constraints to
/// the constraint system (along with the missing dimensions):
///
/// * iv >= lb
/// * iv < lb + step * ((ub - lb - 1) floorDiv step) + 1
///
/// Note: Due to limitations of IntegerPolyhedron, only constant step sizes
/// are currently supported.
LogicalResult scf::canonicalizeMinMaxOpInLoop(RewriterBase &rewriter,
Operation *op, AffineMap map,
ValueRange operands, bool isMin,
LoopMatcherFn loopMatcher) {
FlatAffineValueConstraints constraints;
DenseSet<Value> allIvs;
// Find all iteration variables among `minOp`'s operands add constrain them.
for (Value operand : operands) {
// Skip duplicate ivs.
if (llvm::is_contained(allIvs, operand))
continue;
// If `operand` is an iteration variable: Find corresponding loop
// bounds and step.
Value iv = operand;
OpFoldResult lb, ub, step;
if (failed(loopMatcher(operand, lb, ub, step)))
continue;
allIvs.insert(iv);
if (failed(
addLoopRangeConstraints(constraints, iv, lb, ub, step, rewriter)))
return failure();
}
return canonicalizeMinMaxOp(rewriter, op, map, operands, isMin, constraints);
}
/// Try to simplify a min/max operation `op` after loop peeling. This function
/// can simplify min/max operations such as (ub is the previous upper bound of
/// the unpeeled loop):
/// ```
/// #map = affine_map<(d0)[s0, s1] -> (s0, -d0 + s1)>
/// %r = affine.min #affine.min #map(%iv)[%step, %ub]
/// ```
/// and rewrites them into (in the case the peeled loop):
/// ```
/// %r = %step
/// ```
/// min/max operations inside the partial iteration are rewritten in a similar
/// way.
///
/// This function builds up a set of constraints, capable of proving that:
/// * Inside the peeled loop: min(step, ub - iv) == step
/// * Inside the partial iteration: min(step, ub - iv) == ub - iv
///
/// Returns `success` if the given operation was replaced by a new operation;
/// `failure` otherwise.
///
/// Note: `ub` is the previous upper bound of the loop (before peeling).
/// `insideLoop` must be true for min/max ops inside the loop and false for
/// affine.min ops inside the partial iteration. For an explanation of the other
/// parameters, see comment of `canonicalizeMinMaxOpInLoop`.
LogicalResult scf::rewritePeeledMinMaxOp(RewriterBase &rewriter, Operation *op,
AffineMap map, ValueRange operands,
bool isMin, Value iv, Value ub,
Value step, bool insideLoop) {
FlatAffineValueConstraints constraints;
constraints.appendDimVar({iv, ub, step});
if (auto constUb = getConstantIntValue(ub))
constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, 1, *constUb);
if (auto constStep = getConstantIntValue(step))
constraints.addBound(IntegerPolyhedron::EQ, 2, *constStep);
// Add loop peeling invariant. This is the main piece of knowledge that
// enables AffineMinOp simplification.
if (insideLoop) {
// ub - iv >= step (equiv.: -iv + ub - step + 0 >= 0)
// Intuitively: Inside the peeled loop, every iteration is a "full"
// iteration, i.e., step divides the iteration space `ub - lb` evenly.
constraints.addInequality({-1, 1, -1, 0});
} else {
// ub - iv < step (equiv.: iv + -ub + step - 1 >= 0)
// Intuitively: `iv` is the split bound here, i.e., the iteration variable
// value of the very last iteration (in the unpeeled loop). At that point,
// there are less than `step` elements remaining. (Otherwise, the peeled
// loop would run for at least one more iteration.)
constraints.addInequality({1, -1, 1, -1});
}
return canonicalizeMinMaxOp(rewriter, op, map, operands, isMin, constraints);
}