llvm-project/llvm/lib/Transforms/Utils/LoopPeel.cpp

//===- LoopPeel.cpp -------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Loop Peeling Utilities.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LoopPeel.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/Loads.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopIterator.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolution.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpressions.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
#include "llvm/IR/ProfDataUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Cloning.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LoopSimplify.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LoopUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ValueMapper.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <optional>

using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::PatternMatch;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "loop-peel"

STATISTIC(NumPeeled, "Number of loops peeled");

static cl::opt<unsigned> UnrollPeelCount(
    "unroll-peel-count", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Set the unroll peeling count, for testing purposes"));

static cl::opt<bool>
    UnrollAllowPeeling("unroll-allow-peeling", cl::init(true), cl::Hidden,
                       cl::desc("Allows loops to be peeled when the dynamic "
                                "trip count is known to be low."));

static cl::opt<bool>
    UnrollAllowLoopNestsPeeling("unroll-allow-loop-nests-peeling",
                                cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                                cl::desc("Allows loop nests to be peeled."));

static cl::opt<unsigned> UnrollPeelMaxCount(
    "unroll-peel-max-count", cl::init(7), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Max average trip count which will cause loop peeling."));

static cl::opt<unsigned> UnrollForcePeelCount(
    "unroll-force-peel-count", cl::init(0), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Force a peel count regardless of profiling information."));

static cl::opt<bool> DisableAdvancedPeeling(
    "disable-advanced-peeling", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc(
        "Disable advance peeling. Issues for convergent targets (D134803)."));

static const char *PeeledCountMetaData = "llvm.loop.peeled.count";

// Check whether we are capable of peeling this loop.
bool llvm::canPeel(const Loop *L) {
  // Make sure the loop is in simplified form
  if (!L->isLoopSimplifyForm())
    return false;
  if (!DisableAdvancedPeeling)
    return true;

  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 4> Exits;
  L->getUniqueNonLatchExitBlocks(Exits);
  // The latch must either be the only exiting block or all non-latch exit
  // blocks have either a deopt or unreachable terminator or compose a chain of
  // blocks where the last one is either deopt or unreachable terminated. Both
  // deopt and unreachable terminators are a strong indication they are not
  // taken. Note that this is a profitability check, not a legality check. Also
  // note that LoopPeeling currently can only update the branch weights of latch
  // blocks and branch weights to blocks with deopt or unreachable do not need
  // updating.
  return llvm::all_of(Exits, IsBlockFollowedByDeoptOrUnreachable);
}

namespace {

// As a loop is peeled, it may be the case that Phi nodes become
// loop-invariant (ie, known because there is only one choice).
// For example, consider the following function:
//   void g(int);
//   void binary() {
//     int x = 0;
//     int y = 0;
//     int a = 0;
//     for(int i = 0; i <100000; ++i) {
//       g(x);
//       x = y;
//       g(a);
//       y = a + 1;
//       a = 5;
//     }
//   }
// Peeling 3 iterations is beneficial because the values for x, y and a
// become known.  The IR for this loop looks something like the following:
//
//   %i = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ %inc, %if.end ]
//   %a = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ 5, %if.end ]
//   %y = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ %add, %if.end ]
//   %x = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ %y, %if.end ]
//   ...
//   tail call void @_Z1gi(i32 signext %x)
//   tail call void @_Z1gi(i32 signext %a)
//   %add = add nuw nsw i32 %a, 1
//   %inc = add nuw nsw i32 %i, 1
//   %exitcond = icmp eq i32 %inc, 100000
//   br i1 %exitcond, label %for.cond.cleanup, label %for.body
//
// The arguments for the calls to g will become known after 3 iterations
// of the loop, because the phi nodes values become known after 3 iterations
// of the loop (ie, they are known on the 4th iteration, so peel 3 iterations).
// The first iteration has g(0), g(0); the second has g(0), g(5); the
// third has g(1), g(5) and the fourth (and all subsequent) have g(6), g(5).
// Now consider the phi nodes:
//   %a is a phi with constants so it is determined after iteration 1.
//   %y is a phi based on a constant and %a so it is determined on
//     the iteration after %a is determined, so iteration 2.
//   %x is a phi based on a constant and %y so it is determined on
//     the iteration after %y, so iteration 3.
//   %i is based on itself (and is an induction variable) so it is
//     never determined.
// This means that peeling off 3 iterations will result in being able to
// remove the phi nodes for %a, %y, and %x.  The arguments for the
// corresponding calls to g are determined and the code for computing
// x, y, and a can be removed.
//
// The PhiAnalyzer class calculates how many times a loop should be
// peeled based on the above analysis of the phi nodes in the loop while
// respecting the maximum specified.
class PhiAnalyzer {
public:
  PhiAnalyzer(const Loop &L, unsigned MaxIterations);

  // Calculate the sufficient minimum number of iterations of the loop to peel
  // such that phi instructions become determined (subject to allowable limits)
  Optional<unsigned> calculateIterationsToPeel();

protected:
  using PeelCounter = std::optional<unsigned>;
  const PeelCounter Unknown = std::nullopt;

  // Add 1 respecting Unknown and return Unknown if result over MaxIterations
  PeelCounter addOne(PeelCounter PC) const {
    if (PC == Unknown)
      return Unknown;
    return (*PC + 1 <= MaxIterations) ? PeelCounter{*PC + 1} : Unknown;
  }

  // Calculate the number of iterations after which the given value
  // becomes an invariant.
  PeelCounter calculate(const Value &);

  const Loop &L;
  const unsigned MaxIterations;

  // Map of Values to number of iterations to invariance
  SmallDenseMap<const Value *, PeelCounter> IterationsToInvariance;
};

PhiAnalyzer::PhiAnalyzer(const Loop &L, unsigned MaxIterations)
    : L(L), MaxIterations(MaxIterations) {
  assert(canPeel(&L) && "loop is not suitable for peeling");
  assert(MaxIterations > 0 && "no peeling is allowed?");
}

// This function calculates the number of iterations after which the value
// becomes an invariant. The pre-calculated values are memorized in a map.
// N.B. This number will be Unknown or <= MaxIterations.
// The function is calculated according to the following definition:
// Given %x = phi <Inputs from above the loop>, ..., [%y, %back.edge].
//   F(%x) = G(%y) + 1 (N.B. [MaxIterations | Unknown] + 1 => Unknown)
//   G(%y) = 0 if %y is a loop invariant
//   G(%y) = G(%BackEdgeValue) if %y is a phi in the header block
//   G(%y) = TODO: if %y is an expression based on phis and loop invariants
//           The example looks like:
//           %x = phi(0, %a) <-- becomes invariant starting from 3rd iteration.
//           %y = phi(0, 5)
//           %a = %y + 1
//   G(%y) = Unknown otherwise (including phi not in header block)
PhiAnalyzer::PeelCounter PhiAnalyzer::calculate(const Value &V) {
  // If we already know the answer, take it from the map.
  auto I = IterationsToInvariance.find(&V);
  if (I != IterationsToInvariance.end())
    return I->second;

  // Place Unknown to map to avoid infinite recursion. Such
  // cycles can never stop on an invariant.
  IterationsToInvariance[&V] = Unknown;

  if (L.isLoopInvariant(&V))
    // Loop invariant so known at start.
    return (IterationsToInvariance[&V] = 0);
  if (const PHINode *Phi = dyn_cast<PHINode>(&V)) {
    if (Phi->getParent() != L.getHeader()) {
      // Phi is not in header block so Unknown.
      assert(IterationsToInvariance[&V] == Unknown && "unexpected value saved");
      return Unknown;
    }
    // We need to analyze the input from the back edge and add 1.
    Value *Input = Phi->getIncomingValueForBlock(L.getLoopLatch());
    PeelCounter Iterations = calculate(*Input);
    assert(IterationsToInvariance[Input] == Iterations &&
           "unexpected value saved");
    return (IterationsToInvariance[Phi] = addOne(Iterations));
  }
  // TODO: handle expressions

  // Everything else is Unknown.
  assert(IterationsToInvariance[&V] == Unknown && "unexpected value saved");
  return Unknown;
}

Optional<unsigned> PhiAnalyzer::calculateIterationsToPeel() {
  unsigned Iterations = 0;
  for (auto &PHI : L.getHeader()->phis()) {
    PeelCounter ToInvariance = calculate(PHI);
    if (ToInvariance != Unknown) {
      assert(*ToInvariance <= MaxIterations && "bad result in phi analysis");
      Iterations = std::max(Iterations, *ToInvariance);
      if (Iterations == MaxIterations)
        break;
    }
  }
  assert((Iterations <= MaxIterations) && "bad result in phi analysis");
  return Iterations ? Optional<unsigned>(Iterations) : std::nullopt;
}

} // unnamed namespace

// Try to find any invariant memory reads that will become dereferenceable in
// the remainder loop after peeling. The load must also be used (transitively)
// by an exit condition. Returns the number of iterations to peel off (at the
// moment either 0 or 1).
static unsigned peelToTurnInvariantLoadsDerefencebale(Loop &L,
                                                      DominatorTree &DT,
                                                      AssumptionCache *AC) {
  // Skip loops with a single exiting block, because there should be no benefit
  // for the heuristic below.
  if (L.getExitingBlock())
    return 0;

  // All non-latch exit blocks must have an UnreachableInst terminator.
  // Otherwise the heuristic below may not be profitable.
  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 4> Exits;
  L.getUniqueNonLatchExitBlocks(Exits);
  if (any_of(Exits, [](const BasicBlock *BB) {
        return !isa<UnreachableInst>(BB->getTerminator());
      }))
    return 0;

  // Now look for invariant loads that dominate the latch and are not known to
  // be dereferenceable. If there are such loads and no writes, they will become
  // dereferenceable in the loop if the first iteration is peeled off. Also
  // collect the set of instructions controlled by such loads. Only peel if an
  // exit condition uses (transitively) such a load.
  BasicBlock *Header = L.getHeader();
  BasicBlock *Latch = L.getLoopLatch();
  SmallPtrSet<Value *, 8> LoadUsers;
  const DataLayout &DL = L.getHeader()->getModule()->getDataLayout();
  for (BasicBlock *BB : L.blocks()) {
    for (Instruction &I : *BB) {
      if (I.mayWriteToMemory())
        return 0;

      auto Iter = LoadUsers.find(&I);
      if (Iter != LoadUsers.end()) {
        for (Value *U : I.users())
          LoadUsers.insert(U);
      }
      // Do not look for reads in the header; they can already be hoisted
      // without peeling.
      if (BB == Header)
        continue;
      if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(&I)) {
        Value *Ptr = LI->getPointerOperand();
        if (DT.dominates(BB, Latch) && L.isLoopInvariant(Ptr) &&
            !isDereferenceablePointer(Ptr, LI->getType(), DL, LI, AC, &DT))
          for (Value *U : I.users())
            LoadUsers.insert(U);
      }
    }
  }
  SmallVector<BasicBlock *> ExitingBlocks;
  L.getExitingBlocks(ExitingBlocks);
  if (any_of(ExitingBlocks, [&LoadUsers](BasicBlock *Exiting) {
        return LoadUsers.contains(Exiting->getTerminator());
      }))
    return 1;
  return 0;
}

// Return the number of iterations to peel off that make conditions in the
// body true/false. For example, if we peel 2 iterations off the loop below,
// the condition i < 2 can be evaluated at compile time.
//  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
//    if (i < 2)
//      ..
//    else
//      ..
//   }
static unsigned countToEliminateCompares(Loop &L, unsigned MaxPeelCount,
                                         ScalarEvolution &SE) {
  assert(L.isLoopSimplifyForm() && "Loop needs to be in loop simplify form");
  unsigned DesiredPeelCount = 0;

  for (auto *BB : L.blocks()) {
    auto *BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(BB->getTerminator());
    if (!BI || BI->isUnconditional())
      continue;

    // Ignore loop exit condition.
    if (L.getLoopLatch() == BB)
      continue;

    Value *Condition = BI->getCondition();
    Value *LeftVal, *RightVal;
    CmpInst::Predicate Pred;
    if (!match(Condition, m_ICmp(Pred, m_Value(LeftVal), m_Value(RightVal))))
      continue;

    const SCEV *LeftSCEV = SE.getSCEV(LeftVal);
    const SCEV *RightSCEV = SE.getSCEV(RightVal);

    // Do not consider predicates that are known to be true or false
    // independently of the loop iteration.
    if (SE.evaluatePredicate(Pred, LeftSCEV, RightSCEV))
      continue;

    // Check if we have a condition with one AddRec and one non AddRec
    // expression. Normalize LeftSCEV to be the AddRec.
    if (!isa<SCEVAddRecExpr>(LeftSCEV)) {
      if (isa<SCEVAddRecExpr>(RightSCEV)) {
        std::swap(LeftSCEV, RightSCEV);
        Pred = ICmpInst::getSwappedPredicate(Pred);
      } else
        continue;
    }

    const SCEVAddRecExpr *LeftAR = cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(LeftSCEV);

    // Avoid huge SCEV computations in the loop below, make sure we only
    // consider AddRecs of the loop we are trying to peel.
    if (!LeftAR->isAffine() || LeftAR->getLoop() != &L)
      continue;
    if (!(ICmpInst::isEquality(Pred) && LeftAR->hasNoSelfWrap()) &&
        !SE.getMonotonicPredicateType(LeftAR, Pred))
      continue;

    // Check if extending the current DesiredPeelCount lets us evaluate Pred
    // or !Pred in the loop body statically.
    unsigned NewPeelCount = DesiredPeelCount;

    const SCEV *IterVal = LeftAR->evaluateAtIteration(
        SE.getConstant(LeftSCEV->getType(), NewPeelCount), SE);

    // If the original condition is not known, get the negated predicate
    // (which holds on the else branch) and check if it is known. This allows
    // us to peel of iterations that make the original condition false.
    if (!SE.isKnownPredicate(Pred, IterVal, RightSCEV))
      Pred = ICmpInst::getInversePredicate(Pred);

    const SCEV *Step = LeftAR->getStepRecurrence(SE);
    const SCEV *NextIterVal = SE.getAddExpr(IterVal, Step);
    auto PeelOneMoreIteration = [&IterVal, &NextIterVal, &SE, Step,
                                 &NewPeelCount]() {
      IterVal = NextIterVal;
      NextIterVal = SE.getAddExpr(IterVal, Step);
      NewPeelCount++;
    };

    auto CanPeelOneMoreIteration = [&NewPeelCount, &MaxPeelCount]() {
      return NewPeelCount < MaxPeelCount;
    };

    while (CanPeelOneMoreIteration() &&
           SE.isKnownPredicate(Pred, IterVal, RightSCEV))
      PeelOneMoreIteration();

    // With *that* peel count, does the predicate !Pred become known in the
    // first iteration of the loop body after peeling?
    if (!SE.isKnownPredicate(ICmpInst::getInversePredicate(Pred), IterVal,
                             RightSCEV))
      continue; // If not, give up.

    // However, for equality comparisons, that isn't always sufficient to
    // eliminate the comparsion in loop body, we may need to peel one more
    // iteration. See if that makes !Pred become unknown again.
    if (ICmpInst::isEquality(Pred) &&
        !SE.isKnownPredicate(ICmpInst::getInversePredicate(Pred), NextIterVal,
                             RightSCEV) &&
        !SE.isKnownPredicate(Pred, IterVal, RightSCEV) &&
        SE.isKnownPredicate(Pred, NextIterVal, RightSCEV)) {
      if (!CanPeelOneMoreIteration())
        continue; // Need to peel one more iteration, but can't. Give up.
      PeelOneMoreIteration(); // Great!
    }

    DesiredPeelCount = std::max(DesiredPeelCount, NewPeelCount);
  }

  return DesiredPeelCount;
}

/// This "heuristic" exactly matches implicit behavior which used to exist
/// inside getLoopEstimatedTripCount.  It was added here to keep an
/// improvement inside that API from causing peeling to become more aggressive.
/// This should probably be removed.
static bool violatesLegacyMultiExitLoopCheck(Loop *L) {
  BasicBlock *Latch = L->getLoopLatch();
  if (!Latch)
    return true;

  BranchInst *LatchBR = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(Latch->getTerminator());
  if (!LatchBR || LatchBR->getNumSuccessors() != 2 || !L->isLoopExiting(Latch))
    return true;

  assert((LatchBR->getSuccessor(0) == L->getHeader() ||
          LatchBR->getSuccessor(1) == L->getHeader()) &&
         "At least one edge out of the latch must go to the header");

  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 4> ExitBlocks;
  L->getUniqueNonLatchExitBlocks(ExitBlocks);
  return any_of(ExitBlocks, [](const BasicBlock *EB) {
      return !EB->getTerminatingDeoptimizeCall();
    });
}


// Return the number of iterations we want to peel off.
void llvm::computePeelCount(Loop *L, unsigned LoopSize,
                            TargetTransformInfo::PeelingPreferences &PP,
                            unsigned TripCount, DominatorTree &DT,
                            ScalarEvolution &SE, AssumptionCache *AC,
                            unsigned Threshold) {
  assert(LoopSize > 0 && "Zero loop size is not allowed!");
  // Save the PP.PeelCount value set by the target in
  // TTI.getPeelingPreferences or by the flag -unroll-peel-count.
  unsigned TargetPeelCount = PP.PeelCount;
  PP.PeelCount = 0;
  if (!canPeel(L))
    return;

  // Only try to peel innermost loops by default.
  // The constraint can be relaxed by the target in TTI.getPeelingPreferences
  // or by the flag -unroll-allow-loop-nests-peeling.
  if (!PP.AllowLoopNestsPeeling && !L->isInnermost())
    return;

  // If the user provided a peel count, use that.
  bool UserPeelCount = UnrollForcePeelCount.getNumOccurrences() > 0;
  if (UserPeelCount) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Force-peeling first " << UnrollForcePeelCount
                      << " iterations.\n");
    PP.PeelCount = UnrollForcePeelCount;
    PP.PeelProfiledIterations = true;
    return;
  }

  // Skip peeling if it's disabled.
  if (!PP.AllowPeeling)
    return;

  // Check that we can peel at least one iteration.
  if (2 * LoopSize > Threshold)
    return;

  unsigned AlreadyPeeled = 0;
  if (auto Peeled = getOptionalIntLoopAttribute(L, PeeledCountMetaData))
    AlreadyPeeled = *Peeled;
  // Stop if we already peeled off the maximum number of iterations.
  if (AlreadyPeeled >= UnrollPeelMaxCount)
    return;

  // Pay respect to limitations implied by loop size and the max peel count.
  unsigned MaxPeelCount = UnrollPeelMaxCount;
  MaxPeelCount = std::min(MaxPeelCount, Threshold / LoopSize - 1);

  // Start the max computation with the PP.PeelCount value set by the target
  // in TTI.getPeelingPreferences or by the flag -unroll-peel-count.
  unsigned DesiredPeelCount = TargetPeelCount;

  // Here we try to get rid of Phis which become invariants after 1, 2, ..., N
  // iterations of the loop. For this we compute the number for iterations after
  // which every Phi is guaranteed to become an invariant, and try to peel the
  // maximum number of iterations among these values, thus turning all those
  // Phis into invariants.
  if (MaxPeelCount > DesiredPeelCount) {
    // Check how many iterations are useful for resolving Phis
    auto NumPeels = PhiAnalyzer(*L, MaxPeelCount).calculateIterationsToPeel();
    if (NumPeels)
      DesiredPeelCount = std::max(DesiredPeelCount, *NumPeels);
  }

  DesiredPeelCount = std::max(DesiredPeelCount,
                              countToEliminateCompares(*L, MaxPeelCount, SE));

  if (DesiredPeelCount == 0)
    DesiredPeelCount = peelToTurnInvariantLoadsDerefencebale(*L, DT, AC);

  if (DesiredPeelCount > 0) {
    DesiredPeelCount = std::min(DesiredPeelCount, MaxPeelCount);
    // Consider max peel count limitation.
    assert(DesiredPeelCount > 0 && "Wrong loop size estimation?");
    if (DesiredPeelCount + AlreadyPeeled <= UnrollPeelMaxCount) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Peel " << DesiredPeelCount
                        << " iteration(s) to turn"
                        << " some Phis into invariants.\n");
      PP.PeelCount = DesiredPeelCount;
      PP.PeelProfiledIterations = false;
      return;
    }
  }

  // Bail if we know the statically calculated trip count.
  // In this case we rather prefer partial unrolling.
  if (TripCount)
    return;

  // Do not apply profile base peeling if it is disabled.
  if (!PP.PeelProfiledIterations)
    return;
  // If we don't know the trip count, but have reason to believe the average
  // trip count is low, peeling should be beneficial, since we will usually
  // hit the peeled section.
  // We only do this in the presence of profile information, since otherwise
  // our estimates of the trip count are not reliable enough.
  if (L->getHeader()->getParent()->hasProfileData()) {
    if (violatesLegacyMultiExitLoopCheck(L))
      return;
    Optional<unsigned> EstimatedTripCount = getLoopEstimatedTripCount(L);
    if (!EstimatedTripCount)
      return;

    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Profile-based estimated trip count is "
                      << *EstimatedTripCount << "\n");

    if (*EstimatedTripCount) {
      if (*EstimatedTripCount + AlreadyPeeled <= MaxPeelCount) {
        unsigned PeelCount = *EstimatedTripCount;
        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Peeling first " << PeelCount << " iterations.\n");
        PP.PeelCount = PeelCount;
        return;
      }
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Already peel count: " << AlreadyPeeled << "\n");
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Max peel count: " << UnrollPeelMaxCount << "\n");
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Loop cost: " << LoopSize << "\n");
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Max peel cost: " << Threshold << "\n");
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Max peel count by cost: "
                        << (Threshold / LoopSize - 1) << "\n");
    }
  }
}

struct WeightInfo {
  // Weights for current iteration.
  SmallVector<uint32_t> Weights;
  // Weights to subtract after each iteration.
  const SmallVector<uint32_t> SubWeights;
};

/// Update the branch weights of an exiting block of a peeled-off loop
/// iteration.
/// Let F is a weight of the edge to continue (fallthrough) into the loop.
/// Let E is a weight of the edge to an exit.
/// F/(F+E) is a probability to go to loop and E/(F+E) is a probability to
/// go to exit.
/// Then, Estimated ExitCount = F / E.
/// For I-th (counting from 0) peeled off iteration we set the the weights for
/// the peeled exit as (EC - I, 1). It gives us reasonable distribution,
/// The probability to go to exit 1/(EC-I) increases. At the same time
/// the estimated exit count in the remainder loop reduces by I.
/// To avoid dealing with division rounding we can just multiple both part
/// of weights to E and use weight as (F - I * E, E).
static void updateBranchWeights(Instruction *Term, WeightInfo &Info) {
  MDBuilder MDB(Term->getContext());
  Term->setMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof,
                    MDB.createBranchWeights(Info.Weights));
  for (auto [Idx, SubWeight] : enumerate(Info.SubWeights))
    if (SubWeight != 0)
      Info.Weights[Idx] = Info.Weights[Idx] > SubWeight
                              ? Info.Weights[Idx] - SubWeight
                              : 1;
}

/// Initialize the weights for all exiting blocks.
static void initBranchWeights(DenseMap<Instruction *, WeightInfo> &WeightInfos,
                              Loop *L) {
  SmallVector<BasicBlock *> ExitingBlocks;
  L->getExitingBlocks(ExitingBlocks);
  for (BasicBlock *ExitingBlock : ExitingBlocks) {
    Instruction *Term = ExitingBlock->getTerminator();
    SmallVector<uint32_t> Weights;
    if (!extractBranchWeights(*Term, Weights))
      continue;

    // See the comment on updateBranchWeights() for an explanation of what we
    // do here.
    uint32_t FallThroughWeights = 0;
    uint32_t ExitWeights = 0;
    for (auto [Succ, Weight] : zip(successors(Term), Weights)) {
      if (L->contains(Succ))
        FallThroughWeights += Weight;
      else
        ExitWeights += Weight;
    }

    // Don't try to update weights for degenerate case.
    if (FallThroughWeights == 0)
      continue;

    SmallVector<uint32_t> SubWeights;
    for (auto [Succ, Weight] : zip(successors(Term), Weights)) {
      if (!L->contains(Succ)) {
        // Exit weights stay the same.
        SubWeights.push_back(0);
        continue;
      }

      // Subtract exit weights on each iteration, distributed across all
      // fallthrough edges.
      double W = (double)Weight / (double)FallThroughWeights;
      SubWeights.push_back((uint32_t)(ExitWeights * W));
    }

    WeightInfos.insert({Term, {std::move(Weights), std::move(SubWeights)}});
  }
}

/// Update the weights of original exiting block after peeling off all
/// iterations.
static void fixupBranchWeights(Instruction *Term, const WeightInfo &Info) {
  MDBuilder MDB(Term->getContext());
  Term->setMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof,
                    MDB.createBranchWeights(Info.Weights));
}

/// Clones the body of the loop L, putting it between \p InsertTop and \p
/// InsertBot.
/// \param IterNumber The serial number of the iteration currently being
/// peeled off.
/// \param ExitEdges The exit edges of the original loop.
/// \param[out] NewBlocks A list of the blocks in the newly created clone
/// \param[out] VMap The value map between the loop and the new clone.
/// \param LoopBlocks A helper for DFS-traversal of the loop.
/// \param LVMap A value-map that maps instructions from the original loop to
/// instructions in the last peeled-off iteration.
static void cloneLoopBlocks(
    Loop *L, unsigned IterNumber, BasicBlock *InsertTop, BasicBlock *InsertBot,
    SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<BasicBlock *, BasicBlock *>> &ExitEdges,
    SmallVectorImpl<BasicBlock *> &NewBlocks, LoopBlocksDFS &LoopBlocks,
    ValueToValueMapTy &VMap, ValueToValueMapTy &LVMap, DominatorTree *DT,
    LoopInfo *LI, ArrayRef<MDNode *> LoopLocalNoAliasDeclScopes,
    ScalarEvolution &SE) {
  BasicBlock *Header = L->getHeader();
  BasicBlock *Latch = L->getLoopLatch();
  BasicBlock *PreHeader = L->getLoopPreheader();

  Function *F = Header->getParent();
  LoopBlocksDFS::RPOIterator BlockBegin = LoopBlocks.beginRPO();
  LoopBlocksDFS::RPOIterator BlockEnd = LoopBlocks.endRPO();
  Loop *ParentLoop = L->getParentLoop();

  // For each block in the original loop, create a new copy,
  // and update the value map with the newly created values.
  for (LoopBlocksDFS::RPOIterator BB = BlockBegin; BB != BlockEnd; ++BB) {
    BasicBlock *NewBB = CloneBasicBlock(*BB, VMap, ".peel", F);
    NewBlocks.push_back(NewBB);

    // If an original block is an immediate child of the loop L, its copy
    // is a child of a ParentLoop after peeling. If a block is a child of
    // a nested loop, it is handled in the cloneLoop() call below.
    if (ParentLoop && LI->getLoopFor(*BB) == L)
      ParentLoop->addBasicBlockToLoop(NewBB, *LI);

    VMap[*BB] = NewBB;

    // If dominator tree is available, insert nodes to represent cloned blocks.
    if (DT) {
      if (Header == *BB)
        DT->addNewBlock(NewBB, InsertTop);
      else {
        DomTreeNode *IDom = DT->getNode(*BB)->getIDom();
        // VMap must contain entry for IDom, as the iteration order is RPO.
        DT->addNewBlock(NewBB, cast<BasicBlock>(VMap[IDom->getBlock()]));
      }
    }
  }

  {
    // Identify what other metadata depends on the cloned version. After
    // cloning, replace the metadata with the corrected version for both
    // memory instructions and noalias intrinsics.
    std::string Ext = (Twine("Peel") + Twine(IterNumber)).str();
    cloneAndAdaptNoAliasScopes(LoopLocalNoAliasDeclScopes, NewBlocks,
                               Header->getContext(), Ext);
  }

  // Recursively create the new Loop objects for nested loops, if any,
  // to preserve LoopInfo.
  for (Loop *ChildLoop : *L) {
    cloneLoop(ChildLoop, ParentLoop, VMap, LI, nullptr);
  }

  // Hook-up the control flow for the newly inserted blocks.
  // The new header is hooked up directly to the "top", which is either
  // the original loop preheader (for the first iteration) or the previous
  // iteration's exiting block (for every other iteration)
  InsertTop->getTerminator()->setSuccessor(0, cast<BasicBlock>(VMap[Header]));

  // Similarly, for the latch:
  // The original exiting edge is still hooked up to the loop exit.
  // The backedge now goes to the "bottom", which is either the loop's real
  // header (for the last peeled iteration) or the copied header of the next
  // iteration (for every other iteration)
  BasicBlock *NewLatch = cast<BasicBlock>(VMap[Latch]);
  auto *LatchTerm = cast<Instruction>(NewLatch->getTerminator());
  for (unsigned idx = 0, e = LatchTerm->getNumSuccessors(); idx < e; ++idx)
    if (LatchTerm->getSuccessor(idx) == Header) {
      LatchTerm->setSuccessor(idx, InsertBot);
      break;
    }
  if (DT)
    DT->changeImmediateDominator(InsertBot, NewLatch);

  // The new copy of the loop body starts with a bunch of PHI nodes
  // that pick an incoming value from either the preheader, or the previous
  // loop iteration. Since this copy is no longer part of the loop, we
  // resolve this statically:
  // For the first iteration, we use the value from the preheader directly.
  // For any other iteration, we replace the phi with the value generated by
  // the immediately preceding clone of the loop body (which represents
  // the previous iteration).
  for (BasicBlock::iterator I = Header->begin(); isa<PHINode>(I); ++I) {
    PHINode *NewPHI = cast<PHINode>(VMap[&*I]);
    if (IterNumber == 0) {
      VMap[&*I] = NewPHI->getIncomingValueForBlock(PreHeader);
    } else {
      Value *LatchVal = NewPHI->getIncomingValueForBlock(Latch);
      Instruction *LatchInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(LatchVal);
      if (LatchInst && L->contains(LatchInst))
        VMap[&*I] = LVMap[LatchInst];
      else
        VMap[&*I] = LatchVal;
    }
    NewPHI->eraseFromParent();
  }

  // Fix up the outgoing values - we need to add a value for the iteration
  // we've just created. Note that this must happen *after* the incoming
  // values are adjusted, since the value going out of the latch may also be
  // a value coming into the header.
  for (auto Edge : ExitEdges)
    for (PHINode &PHI : Edge.second->phis()) {
      Value *LatchVal = PHI.getIncomingValueForBlock(Edge.first);
      Instruction *LatchInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(LatchVal);
      if (LatchInst && L->contains(LatchInst))
        LatchVal = VMap[LatchVal];
      PHI.addIncoming(LatchVal, cast<BasicBlock>(VMap[Edge.first]));
      SE.forgetValue(&PHI);
    }

  // LastValueMap is updated with the values for the current loop
  // which are used the next time this function is called.
  for (auto KV : VMap)
    LVMap[KV.first] = KV.second;
}

TargetTransformInfo::PeelingPreferences llvm::gatherPeelingPreferences(
    Loop *L, ScalarEvolution &SE, const TargetTransformInfo &TTI,
    Optional<bool> UserAllowPeeling,
    Optional<bool> UserAllowProfileBasedPeeling, bool UnrollingSpecficValues) {
  TargetTransformInfo::PeelingPreferences PP;

  // Set the default values.
  PP.PeelCount = 0;
  PP.AllowPeeling = true;
  PP.AllowLoopNestsPeeling = false;
  PP.PeelProfiledIterations = true;

  // Get the target specifc values.
  TTI.getPeelingPreferences(L, SE, PP);

  // User specified values using cl::opt.
  if (UnrollingSpecficValues) {
    if (UnrollPeelCount.getNumOccurrences() > 0)
      PP.PeelCount = UnrollPeelCount;
    if (UnrollAllowPeeling.getNumOccurrences() > 0)
      PP.AllowPeeling = UnrollAllowPeeling;
    if (UnrollAllowLoopNestsPeeling.getNumOccurrences() > 0)
      PP.AllowLoopNestsPeeling = UnrollAllowLoopNestsPeeling;
  }

  // User specifed values provided by argument.
  if (UserAllowPeeling)
    PP.AllowPeeling = *UserAllowPeeling;
  if (UserAllowProfileBasedPeeling)
    PP.PeelProfiledIterations = *UserAllowProfileBasedPeeling;

  return PP;
}

/// Peel off the first \p PeelCount iterations of loop \p L.
///
/// Note that this does not peel them off as a single straight-line block.
/// Rather, each iteration is peeled off separately, and needs to check the
/// exit condition.
/// For loops that dynamically execute \p PeelCount iterations or less
/// this provides a benefit, since the peeled off iterations, which account
/// for the bulk of dynamic execution, can be further simplified by scalar
/// optimizations.
bool llvm::peelLoop(Loop *L, unsigned PeelCount, LoopInfo *LI,
                    ScalarEvolution *SE, DominatorTree &DT, AssumptionCache *AC,
                    bool PreserveLCSSA) {
  assert(PeelCount > 0 && "Attempt to peel out zero iterations?");
  assert(canPeel(L) && "Attempt to peel a loop which is not peelable?");

  LoopBlocksDFS LoopBlocks(L);
  LoopBlocks.perform(LI);

  BasicBlock *Header = L->getHeader();
  BasicBlock *PreHeader = L->getLoopPreheader();
  BasicBlock *Latch = L->getLoopLatch();
  SmallVector<std::pair<BasicBlock *, BasicBlock *>, 4> ExitEdges;
  L->getExitEdges(ExitEdges);

  // Remember dominators of blocks we might reach through exits to change them
  // later. Immediate dominator of such block might change, because we add more
  // routes which can lead to the exit: we can reach it from the peeled
  // iterations too.
  DenseMap<BasicBlock *, BasicBlock *> NonLoopBlocksIDom;
  for (auto *BB : L->blocks()) {
    auto *BBDomNode = DT.getNode(BB);
    SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 16> ChildrenToUpdate;
    for (auto *ChildDomNode : BBDomNode->children()) {
      auto *ChildBB = ChildDomNode->getBlock();
      if (!L->contains(ChildBB))
        ChildrenToUpdate.push_back(ChildBB);
    }
    // The new idom of the block will be the nearest common dominator
    // of all copies of the previous idom. This is equivalent to the
    // nearest common dominator of the previous idom and the first latch,
    // which dominates all copies of the previous idom.
    BasicBlock *NewIDom = DT.findNearestCommonDominator(BB, Latch);
    for (auto *ChildBB : ChildrenToUpdate)
      NonLoopBlocksIDom[ChildBB] = NewIDom;
  }

  Function *F = Header->getParent();

  // Set up all the necessary basic blocks. It is convenient to split the
  // preheader into 3 parts - two blocks to anchor the peeled copy of the loop
  // body, and a new preheader for the "real" loop.

  // Peeling the first iteration transforms.
  //
  // PreHeader:
  // ...
  // Header:
  //   LoopBody
  //   If (cond) goto Header
  // Exit:
  //
  // into
  //
  // InsertTop:
  //   LoopBody
  //   If (!cond) goto Exit
  // InsertBot:
  // NewPreHeader:
  // ...
  // Header:
  //  LoopBody
  //  If (cond) goto Header
  // Exit:
  //
  // Each following iteration will split the current bottom anchor in two,
  // and put the new copy of the loop body between these two blocks. That is,
  // after peeling another iteration from the example above, we'll split
  // InsertBot, and get:
  //
  // InsertTop:
  //   LoopBody
  //   If (!cond) goto Exit
  // InsertBot:
  //   LoopBody
  //   If (!cond) goto Exit
  // InsertBot.next:
  // NewPreHeader:
  // ...
  // Header:
  //  LoopBody
  //  If (cond) goto Header
  // Exit:

  BasicBlock *InsertTop = SplitEdge(PreHeader, Header, &DT, LI);
  BasicBlock *InsertBot =
      SplitBlock(InsertTop, InsertTop->getTerminator(), &DT, LI);
  BasicBlock *NewPreHeader =
      SplitBlock(InsertBot, InsertBot->getTerminator(), &DT, LI);

  InsertTop->setName(Header->getName() + ".peel.begin");
  InsertBot->setName(Header->getName() + ".peel.next");
  NewPreHeader->setName(PreHeader->getName() + ".peel.newph");

  ValueToValueMapTy LVMap;

  Instruction *LatchTerm =
      cast<Instruction>(cast<BasicBlock>(Latch)->getTerminator());

  // If we have branch weight information, we'll want to update it for the
  // newly created branches.
  DenseMap<Instruction *, WeightInfo> Weights;
  initBranchWeights(Weights, L);

  // Identify what noalias metadata is inside the loop: if it is inside the
  // loop, the associated metadata must be cloned for each iteration.
  SmallVector<MDNode *, 6> LoopLocalNoAliasDeclScopes;
  identifyNoAliasScopesToClone(L->getBlocks(), LoopLocalNoAliasDeclScopes);

  // For each peeled-off iteration, make a copy of the loop.
  for (unsigned Iter = 0; Iter < PeelCount; ++Iter) {
    SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 8> NewBlocks;
    ValueToValueMapTy VMap;

    cloneLoopBlocks(L, Iter, InsertTop, InsertBot, ExitEdges, NewBlocks,
                    LoopBlocks, VMap, LVMap, &DT, LI,
                    LoopLocalNoAliasDeclScopes, *SE);

    // Remap to use values from the current iteration instead of the
    // previous one.
    remapInstructionsInBlocks(NewBlocks, VMap);

    // Update IDoms of the blocks reachable through exits.
    if (Iter == 0)
      for (auto BBIDom : NonLoopBlocksIDom)
        DT.changeImmediateDominator(BBIDom.first,
                                     cast<BasicBlock>(LVMap[BBIDom.second]));
#ifdef EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
    assert(DT.verify(DominatorTree::VerificationLevel::Fast));
#endif

    for (auto &[Term, Info] : Weights) {
      auto *TermCopy = cast<Instruction>(VMap[Term]);
      updateBranchWeights(TermCopy, Info);
    }

    // Remove Loop metadata from the latch branch instruction
    // because it is not the Loop's latch branch anymore.
    auto *LatchTermCopy = cast<Instruction>(VMap[LatchTerm]);
    LatchTermCopy->setMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_loop, nullptr);

    InsertTop = InsertBot;
    InsertBot = SplitBlock(InsertBot, InsertBot->getTerminator(), &DT, LI);
    InsertBot->setName(Header->getName() + ".peel.next");

    F->getBasicBlockList().splice(InsertTop->getIterator(),
                                  F->getBasicBlockList(),
                                  NewBlocks[0]->getIterator(), F->end());
  }

  // Now adjust the phi nodes in the loop header to get their initial values
  // from the last peeled-off iteration instead of the preheader.
  for (BasicBlock::iterator I = Header->begin(); isa<PHINode>(I); ++I) {
    PHINode *PHI = cast<PHINode>(I);
    Value *NewVal = PHI->getIncomingValueForBlock(Latch);
    Instruction *LatchInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewVal);
    if (LatchInst && L->contains(LatchInst))
      NewVal = LVMap[LatchInst];

    PHI->setIncomingValueForBlock(NewPreHeader, NewVal);
  }

  for (const auto &[Term, Info] : Weights)
    fixupBranchWeights(Term, Info);

  // Update Metadata for count of peeled off iterations.
  unsigned AlreadyPeeled = 0;
  if (auto Peeled = getOptionalIntLoopAttribute(L, PeeledCountMetaData))
    AlreadyPeeled = *Peeled;
  addStringMetadataToLoop(L, PeeledCountMetaData, AlreadyPeeled + PeelCount);

  if (Loop *ParentLoop = L->getParentLoop())
    L = ParentLoop;

  // We modified the loop, update SE.
  SE->forgetTopmostLoop(L);

#ifdef EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
  // Finally DomtTree must be correct.
  assert(DT.verify(DominatorTree::VerificationLevel::Fast));
#endif

  // FIXME: Incrementally update loop-simplify
  simplifyLoop(L, &DT, LI, SE, AC, nullptr, PreserveLCSSA);

  NumPeeled++;

  return true;
}