openGauss-server/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql

1380 lines
32 KiB
PL/PgSQL

--
--FOR BLACKLIST FEATURE: RULE、TRIGGER、INHERITS is not supported.
--
--
-- Tests for common table expressions (WITH query, ... SELECT ...)
--
-- Basic WITH
WITH q1(x,y) AS (SELECT 1,2)
SELECT * FROM q1, q1 AS q2;
-- Multiple uses are evaluated only once
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH q1(x) AS (SELECT random() FROM generate_series(1, 5))
SELECT * FROM q1
UNION
SELECT * FROM q1
) ss;
-- WITH RECURSIVE
-- sum of 1..100
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
VALUES (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
)
SELECT sum(n) FROM t;
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT (VALUES(1))
UNION ALL
SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY n;
-- This is an infinite loop with UNION ALL, but not with UNION
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION
SELECT 10-n FROM t)
SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY n;
-- This'd be an infinite loop, but outside query reads only as much as needed
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
VALUES (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT n+1 FROM t)
SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
-- UNION case should have same property
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION
SELECT n+1 FROM t)
SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;
-- Test behavior with an unknown-type literal in the WITH
WITH q AS (SELECT 'foo' AS x)
SELECT x, x IS OF (unknown) as is_unknown FROM q;
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT 'foo'
UNION ALL
SELECT n || ' bar' FROM t WHERE length(n) < 20
)
SELECT n, n IS OF (text) as is_text FROM t ORDER BY n;
--
-- Some examples with a tree
--
-- department structure represented here is as follows:
--
-- ROOT-+->A-+->B-+->C
-- | |
-- | +->D-+->F
-- +->E-+->G
-- Enforce use of COMMIT instead of 2PC for temporary objects
-- SET enforce_two_phase_commit TO off;
CREATE TABLE department (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- department ID
parent_department INTEGER ,
name TEXT -- department name
);
INSERT INTO department VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (1, 0, 'A');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (2, 1, 'B');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (3, 2, 'C');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (4, 2, 'D');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (5, 0, 'E');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (6, 4, 'F');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (7, 5, 'G');
-- extract all departments under 'A'. Result should be A, B, C, D and F
WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
(
-- non recursive term
SELECT name as root_name, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
-- recursive term
SELECT sd.root_name, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number
WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
(
-- non recursive term
SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
-- recursive term
SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number.
-- Only shows level 2 or more
WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS
(
-- non recursive term
SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
-- recursive term
SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment WHERE level >= 2 ORDER BY name;
-- "RECURSIVE" is ignored if the query has no self-reference
WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
(
-- note lack of recursive UNION structure
SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
-- inside subqueries
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 500
)
SELECT * FROM t) AS t WHERE n < (
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
)
SELECT * FROM t WHERE n < 50000
) AS t WHERE n < 100);
-- use same CTE twice at different subquery levels
WITH q1(x,y) AS (
SELECT hundred, sum(ten) FROM tenk1 GROUP BY hundred
)
SELECT count(*) FROM q1 WHERE y > (SELECT sum(y)/100 FROM q1 qsub);
-- via a VIEW
CREATE VIEW vsubdepartment AS
WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS
(
-- non recursive term
SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
-- recursive term
SELECT d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd
WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment;
SELECT * FROM vsubdepartment ORDER BY name;
-- Check reverse listing
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass);
SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass, true);
-- corner case in which sub-WITH gets initialized first
select count(*) from (with recursive q as (
(select * from department order by id)
union all
(with x as (select * from q)
select * from x)
)
select * from q limit 24) rel_alias;
select count(*) from (with recursive q as (
(select * from department order by id)
union all
(with recursive x as (
select * from department
union all
(select * from q union all select * from x)
)
select * from x)
)
select * from q limit 32);
-- recursive term has sub-UNION
WITH RECURSIVE t(i,j) AS (
VALUES (1,2)
UNION ALL
SELECT t2.i, t.j+1 FROM
(SELECT 2 AS i UNION ALL SELECT 3 AS i) AS t2
JOIN t ON (t2.i = t.i+1))
SELECT * FROM t order by i;
--
-- different tree example
--
CREATE TABLE tree(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
parent_id INTEGER
);
INSERT INTO tree
VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 1), (3,1), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,3), (8,3),
(9,4), (10,4), (11,7), (12,7), (13,7), (14, 9), (15,11), (16,11);
--
-- get all paths from "second level" nodes to leaf nodes
--
WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
UNION ALL
SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
)
SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
ORDER BY t1.id, t2.id;
-- just count 'em
WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
UNION ALL
SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
)
SELECT t1.id, count(t2.*) FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
(t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND
array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND
array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1)
GROUP BY t1.id
ORDER BY t1.id;
-- this variant tickled a whole-row-variable bug in 8.4devel
WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS (
VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[])
UNION ALL
SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id
FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id)
)
SELECT t1.id, t2.path, t2 FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON
(t1.id=t2.id) ORDER BY id;
--
-- test cycle detection
--
create table graph( f int, t int, label text );
insert into graph values
(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'),
(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'),
(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'),
(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'),
(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'),
(5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1');
with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, path, cycle) as (
select *, array[row(g.f, g.t)], false from graph g
union all
select g.*, path || row(g.f, g.t), row(g.f, g.t) = any(path)
from graph g, search_graph sg
where g.f = sg.t and not cycle
)
select * from search_graph order by path;
-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST
with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, path, cycle) as (
select *, array[row(g.f, g.t)], false from graph g
union all
select g.*, path || row(g.f, g.t), row(g.f, g.t) = any(path)
from graph g, search_graph sg
where g.f = sg.t and not cycle
)
select * from search_graph order by path;
--
-- test multiple WITH queries
--
WITH RECURSIVE
y (id) AS (VALUES (1)),
x (id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
SELECT * FROM x ORDER BY id;
-- forward reference OK
WITH RECURSIVE
x(id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
y(id) AS (values (1))
SELECT * FROM x ORDER BY id;
WITH RECURSIVE
x(id) AS
(VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
y(id) AS
(VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 10)
SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id) ORDER BY 1;
WITH RECURSIVE
x(id) AS
(VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
y(id) AS
(VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 10)
SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id) ORDER BY 1;
WITH RECURSIVE
x(id) AS
(SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
y(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
z(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
SELECT * FROM z ORDER BY id;
WITH RECURSIVE
x(id) AS
(SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
y(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
z(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
SELECT * FROM z ORDER BY id;
--
-- Test WITH attached to a data-modifying statement
--
CREATE TABLE y (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY INITIALLY DEFERRED) ;
INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
WITH t AS (
SELECT a FROM y
)
INSERT INTO y
SELECT a+20 FROM t order by 1 RETURNING *;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
WITH t AS (
SELECT a FROM y
)
UPDATE y SET a = y.a-10 FROM t WHERE y.a > 20 AND t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
SELECT 11
UNION ALL
SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a < 50
)
DELETE FROM y USING t WHERE t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
UPDATE y SET a = a + 1 RETURNING *;
DROP TABLE y;
--
-- error cases
--
-- INTERSECT
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- EXCEPT
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT n+1 FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- no non-recursive term
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- recursive term in the left hand side (strictly speaking, should allow this)
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x UNION ALL SELECT 1)
SELECT * FROM x;
CREATE TABLE y (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY) ;
INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
-- LEFT JOIN
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT x.n+1 FROM y LEFT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- RIGHT JOIN
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT x.n+1 FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- FULL JOIN
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT x.n+1 FROM x FULL JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- subquery
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x
WHERE n IN (SELECT * FROM x))
SELECT * FROM x;
-- aggregate functions
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT count(*) FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- ORDER BY
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x ORDER BY 1)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- LIMIT/OFFSET
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- FOR UPDATE
WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x FOR UPDATE)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- target list has a recursive query name
WITH RECURSIVE x(id) AS (values (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT (SELECT * FROM x) FROM x WHERE id < 5
) SELECT * FROM x;
-- mutual recursive query (not implemented)
WITH RECURSIVE
x (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 5),
y (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
SELECT * FROM x;
-- non-linear recursion is not allowed
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(values (1)
UNION ALL
(SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
UNION ALL
SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
) SELECT * FROM foo;
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(values (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
UNION ALL
SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) AS t
) SELECT * FROM foo;
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(values (1)
UNION ALL
(SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
EXCEPT
SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
) SELECT * FROM foo;
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(values (1)
UNION ALL
(SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10
INTERSECT
SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5)
) SELECT * FROM foo;
-- Wrong type induced from non-recursive term
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(SELECT i FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
UNION ALL
SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
SELECT * FROM foo;
-- rejects different typmod, too (should we allow this?)
WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS
(SELECT i::numeric(3,0) FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i)
UNION ALL
SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10)
SELECT * FROM foo;
-- disallow OLD/NEW reference in CTE
CREATE TABLE x (n integer);
CREATE RULE r2 AS ON UPDATE TO x DO INSTEAD
WITH t AS (SELECT OLD.*) UPDATE y SET a = t.n FROM t;
--
-- test for bug #4902
--
with cte(foo) as ( values(42) ) values((select foo from cte));
with cte(foo) as ( select 42 ) select * from ((select foo from cte)) q;
-- test CTE referencing an outer-level variable (to see that changed-parameter
-- signaling still works properly after fixing this bug)
select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
select (select foo from cte) )
from int4_tbl order by 1;
select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) )
values((select foo from cte)) )
from int4_tbl order by 1;
--
-- test for nested-recursive-WITH bug
--
WITH RECURSIVE t(j) AS (
WITH RECURSIVE s(i) AS (
VALUES (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i < 10
)
SELECT i FROM s
UNION ALL
SELECT j+1 FROM t WHERE j < 10
)
SELECT * FROM t order by 1;
--
-- test WITH attached to intermediate-level set operation
--
WITH outermost(x) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
SELECT * FROM innermost
UNION SELECT 3)
)
SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
WITH outermost(x) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
SELECT * FROM outermost -- fail
UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
)
SELECT * FROM outermost;
WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
SELECT 1
UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2)
SELECT * FROM outermost
UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
)
SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS (
WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM outermost) -- fail
SELECT * FROM innermost
UNION SELECT * from outermost
)
SELECT * FROM outermost;
--
-- This test will fail with the old implementation of PARAM_EXEC parameter
-- assignment, because the "q1" Var passed down to A's targetlist subselect
-- looks exactly like the "A.id" Var passed down to C's subselect, causing
-- the old code to give them the same runtime PARAM_EXEC slot. But the
-- lifespans of the two parameters overlap, thanks to B also reading A.
--
with
A as ( select q2 as id, (select q1) as x from int8_tbl ),
B as ( select id, row_number() over (partition by id) as r from A ),
C as ( select A.id, array(select B.id from B where B.id = A.id) from A )
select * from C order by id;
--
-- Test CTEs read in non-initialization orders
--
WITH RECURSIVE
tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
SELECT 0, 'base', 17
UNION ALL (
WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
),
first_remaining AS (
SELECT id_key, row_type, link
FROM remaining
WHERE id_key=min
),
effect AS (
SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
)
SELECT * FROM first_remaining
UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
)
)
SELECT * FROM iter;
WITH RECURSIVE
tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)),
iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS (
SELECT 0, 'base', 17
UNION (
WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS (
SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER ()
FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link)
WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key
),
first_remaining AS (
SELECT id_key, row_type, link
FROM remaining
WHERE id_key=min
),
effect AS (
SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link
FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key
WHERE e.row_type = 'false'
)
SELECT * FROM first_remaining
UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect
)
)
SELECT * FROM iter;
--
-- Data-modifying statements in WITH
--
-- INSERT ... RETURNING
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y
VALUES
(11),
(12),
(13),
(14),
(15),
(16),
(17),
(18),
(19),
(20)
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t order by 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- UPDATE ... RETURNING
WITH t AS (
UPDATE y
SET a=a+1
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t order by 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- DELETE ... RETURNING
WITH t AS (
DELETE FROM y
WHERE a <= 10
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t order by 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- forward reference
WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
INSERT INTO y
SELECT a+5 FROM t2 WHERE a > 5
RETURNING *
), t2 AS (
UPDATE y SET a=a-11 RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM t2 order by 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- unconditional DO INSTEAD rule
CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON DELETE TO y DO INSTEAD
INSERT INTO y VALUES(42) RETURNING *;
WITH t AS (
DELETE FROM y RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
-- check merging of outer CTE with CTE in a rule action
CREATE TABLE bug6051 AS
select i from generate_series(1,3) as t(i);
SELECT * FROM bug6051 ORDER BY 1;
WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
SELECT * FROM bug6051 ORDER BY 1;
CREATE TABLE bug6051_2 (i int);
CREATE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD
INSERT INTO bug6051_2
SELECT NEW.i;
WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * )
INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1;
SELECT * FROM bug6051 ORDER BY 1;
SELECT * FROM bug6051_2 ORDER BY 1;
-- a truly recursive CTE in the same list
WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS (
SELECT 0
UNION ALL
SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a+1 < 5
), t2 as (
INSERT INTO y
SELECT * FROM t RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN y USING (a) ORDER BY a;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- data-modifying WITH in a modifying statement
WITH t AS (
DELETE FROM y
WHERE a <= 10
RETURNING *
)
INSERT INTO y SELECT -a FROM t ORDER BY 1 RETURNING *;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- check that WITH query is run to completion even if outer query isn't
WITH t AS (
UPDATE y SET a = a * 100 RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 10;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering
TRUNCATE TABLE y;
INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 3);
CREATE TABLE yy (a INTEGER);
WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
), t2 AS (
INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t1 RETURNING *
)
SELECT 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
SELECT * FROM yy order by 1;
WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (
INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t2 RETURNING *
), t2 AS (
INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING *
)
SELECT 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
SELECT * FROM yy order by 1;
-- triggers
TRUNCATE TABLE y;
INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10);
CREATE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
begin
raise notice 'y_trigger: a = %', new.a;
return new;
end;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER y_trig BEFORE INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y
VALUES
(21),
(22),
(23)
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y
VALUES
(31),
(32),
(33)
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 1;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$
begin
raise notice 'y_trigger';
return null;
end;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH STATEMENT
EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger();
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y
VALUES
(41),
(42),
(43)
RETURNING *
)
SELECT * FROM t;
SELECT * FROM y order by 1;
DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y;
DROP FUNCTION y_trigger();
-- WITH attached to inherited UPDATE or DELETE
CREATE TABLE parent ( id int PRIMARY KEY, val text ) ;
CREATE TABLE child1 ( ) INHERITS ( parent ) ;
ALTER TABLE child1 ADD PRIMARY KEY(id);
CREATE TABLE child2 ( ) INHERITS ( parent ) ;
ALTER TABLE child2 ADD PRIMARY KEY(id);
INSERT INTO parent VALUES ( 1, 'p1' );
INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 11, 'c11' ),( 12, 'c12' );
INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 23, 'c21' ),( 24, 'c22' );
WITH rcte AS ( SELECT sum(id) AS totalid FROM parent )
UPDATE parent SET id = id + totalid FROM rcte;
SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY id;
WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 42, 'new' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
UPDATE parent SET id = id + newid FROM wcte;
SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY id;
WITH rcte AS ( SELECT max(id) AS maxid FROM parent )
DELETE FROM parent USING rcte WHERE id = maxid;
SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY id;
WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 42, 'new2' ) RETURNING id AS newid )
DELETE FROM parent USING wcte WHERE id = newid;
SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY id;
drop table child1;
drop table child2;
drop table parent;
-- check EXPLAIN VERBOSE for a wCTE with RETURNING
SET ENABLE_NESTLOOP = FALSE;
SET ENABLE_HASHJOIN = FALSE;
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF, NODES OFF, NUM_NODES OFF)
WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO int8_tbl VALUES ( 42, 47 ) RETURNING q2 )
DELETE FROM a USING wcte WHERE aa = q2;
RESET ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
RESET ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
-- error cases
-- data-modifying WITH tries to use its own output
WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
INSERT INTO y
SELECT * FROM t
)
VALUES(FALSE);
-- no RETURNING in a referenced data-modifying WITH
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
)
SELECT * FROM t;
-- data-modifying WITH allowed only at the top level
SELECT * FROM (
WITH t AS (UPDATE y SET a=a+1 RETURNING *)
SELECT * FROM t
) ss;
-- most variants of rules aren't allowed
CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y WHERE a=0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM y;
WITH t AS (
INSERT INTO y VALUES(0)
)
VALUES(FALSE);
DROP RULE y_rule ON y;
-- check cte replace when pulling up
-- case 1: exists/any sublink
create table t_cte(a int, b int);
insert into t_cte select generate_series(1,5), generate_series(1,5);
analyze t_cte;
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where exists
(select 1 from x where x.a=t.a);
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where exists
(select 1 from x where x.a=t.a);
-- case 2: not exists/any sublink
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x);
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x);
-- case 3: expr sublink
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a >
(select avg(a) from x where x.b=t.b);
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a >
(select avg(a) from x where x.b=t.b);
-- case 4: exists/any/expr sublink in OR clause
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x)
or exists
(select 1 from x where x.a=t.a)
or t.a >
(select avg(a) from x where x.b=t.b);
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x)
or exists
(select 1 from x where x.a=t.a)
or t.a >
(select avg(a) from x where x.b=t.b);
-- case 5: non-pull up sublink
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x where x.b=t.b);
with x as
(select a, b from t_cte)
select 1 from t_cte t
where t.a not in
(select a from x where x.b=t.b);
-- case 6: pullup simplequery
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select a*b b from t_cte where a in (select b from x));
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select a*b b from t_cte where a in (select b from x));
-- case 7: same cte alias in different level
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select b from
(select sum(b) b from
(with x as
(select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select sum(b) b from
(select a*b b from t_cte where a in (select b from x))
)
)
);
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select b from
(select sum(b) b from
(with x as
(select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select sum(b) b from
(select a*b b from t_cte where a in (select b from x))
)
)
);
-- case 8: cte replace during pull up
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select 1 from t_cte t1 where a = (with tmp as (select b from t_cte t2 where t2.b=t1.a)
select count(b) from tmp tmp1
where b>(select count(*) from tmp tmp2 where tmp2.b=tmp1.b))+1;
select 1 from t_cte t1 where a = (with tmp as (select b from t_cte t2 where t2.b=t1.a)
select count(b) from tmp tmp1
where b>(select count(*) from tmp tmp2 where tmp2.b=tmp1.b))+1;
-- case 9: two level simple sub-query
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select a*b b from x
where a in
(select b from x
where a in (select b from x)
)
);
with x as
(select a,b from t_cte)
select sum(b) from
(select a*b b from x
where a in
(select b from x
where a in (select b from x)
)
);
-- case 10: cte with same alias referenced by other cte
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with x as (select a,b from t_cte),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x x1
where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
order by 1,2;
with x as (select a,b from t_cte),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x x1
where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
order by 1,2;
-- case 11: correlated cte with same alias referenced by other cte
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
)
order by 1,2;
-- case 12: cte referencing correlated cte referenced in different level
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
)
order by 1,2;
-- case 13: cte used in set op
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union all
select 1,2 from x2
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union all
select 1,2 from x2
)
order by 1,2;
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union all
select 1,2 from x
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union all
select 1,2 from x
)
order by 1,2;
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union
select 1,2 from x2
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
union
select 1,2 from x2
)
order by 1,2;
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
intersect
select 1,2 from x
)
order by 1,2;
select * from t_cte t1
where exists (
with x as (select a,b from t_cte t2 where t1.a=t2.a),
x2 as (select * from x)
select * from x2 x1 where exists(
with x as (select a+b a, a-b b from t_cte)
select 1 from x2 where x2.a=x1.a
)
intersect
select 1,2 from x
)
order by 1,2;
-- case 14: cte referencing cte with same alias
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select * from tmp t1 where exists
(with tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp)
select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a);
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select * from tmp t1 where exists
(with tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp)
select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a)
order by 1;
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a));
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a));
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp2 as (select a+2 a from tmp),
tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp2)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a)
);
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp2 as (select a+2 a from tmp),
tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp2)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a)
);
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp2 as (select a+2 a from tmp t1
where exists
(select 1 from tmp t2 where t1.a=t2.a)),
tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp2)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a)
);
with tmp as (select a from t_cte)
select sum(a) from
(with tmp2 as (select a+2 a from tmp t1
where exists
(select 1 from tmp t2 where t1.a=t2.a)),
tmp as (select a*2 a from tmp2)
select a from tmp t1
where exists
(select a from tmp t2 where t2.a=t1.a)
);
explain (verbose on, costs off, nodes off)
with tmp as
(select * from t_cte)
select *
from (with tmp as (select a
from t_cte t1
where b in
(select b
from tmp
))
select * from
(select count(*) from tmp));
with tmp as
(select * from t_cte)
select *
from (with tmp as (select a
from t_cte t1
where b in
(select b
from tmp
))
select * from
(select count(*) from tmp));
drop table t_cte;
drop table x cascade;